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Block 3 Path Exam 3
Dr. Hill
63
Pathology
Graduate
03/07/2012

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Term
stratified squamous epithelium
Definition
at entrance of nasal passageways
Term
conducting respiratory epithelium
Definition
further back in nasal cavity
Term
ciliated cells
Definition
most abundant cells of the conducting portion of respiratory epithelium
Term
goblet cells
Definition
secrete mucous to keep out dust and bacteria. located in conducting portion of respiratory epithelium.
Term
basal cells
Definition
do not extend to surface. can differentiate to replace other cell types
Term
brush cells
Definition
microvilli on luminal surface thought to be chemosensory receptors
Term
small granule cells
Definition
neuroendocrine cells. difficult to distinguish ini standard preps. secrete hormones into the lamina propria across basement membrane so they can make their way into capillaries.
Term
lamina propria
Definition
lies directly on underlying structures (bone, cartilage, or muscle). contains abundant serous and mucous glands. aggregates of lymphoid nodules
Term
cavernous or erectile tissue
Definition
thin walled blood vessles in lamina propria. each side alternately becomes engorged with blood thereby only allowing breathing through the opposite side by leaking out fluid to moisten the aire. throughout the day you switch back and forth between nostrils. it's the enlargement of hte veins that causes one side to be constricted so air does not flow in that nostril.
Term
olfactory mucosa
Definition
located in roof of nasal cavity covering the superior nasal conchae. has many more cell layers than pseudostratified.
Term
basal cells
Definition
able to replenish other cell types
Term
olfactory receptor cells
Definition
bipolar neurons which end in olfactory knob. modified and nonmotile cilia provide for interaction with odiferous molecules.
Term
cribiform plate damaged
Definition
permanent loss of smell because axons cannot pass into skull
Term
sustenacular cells
Definition
call ciliated columnar cells. provide support to olfacory cells. stereocilia form a tangled mat intermingled with olfactory cilia. form junction complexes on lateral apical surface with olfactory cells. provide structureal and physiological support.
Term
Bowman's glands
Definition
serous glands on lamina propria allow odiferous molecules to be dissolved on surface
Term
paranasal sinuses
Definition
bilateral cavities in frontal, sphenoid, maxillary and ethmoid bones. all have drainage into nasal cavities
Term
lining of paranasal sinuses
Definition
conducting respiratory mucosa with fewer goblet cells and lamina propria thinner with small scarce glands
Term
sinusitis
Definition
buildup of mucous within paranasal sinuses due to inflammation or blockage of draining orifices
Term
pharynx
Definition
lined with conducting respiratory mucosa
Term
diffuse lymphoid tissue
Definition
occurs in the connective tissue deep to the epithelium of the GI and respiratory tracts. also present in the stroma of virtually all internal organs when infection is present.
Term
nodular lymphoid tissue
Definition
dense spherical aggregates of lymphocytes typically located among diffuse lymphoid tissue. nonpermanent structures (come and go according to immunological needs).
Term
germinal centers
Definition
lightly staining centers of some nodules. represent active proliferation of B cells
Term
tonsils
Definition
form right of Waldeyer within the URT.
Term
palatine and lingual tonsils
Definition
covering epithelium is stratified squamous
Term
pharyngeal and tubal tonsils
Definition
covering epithelium is psudostratified
Term
crypts
Definition
mucosa highly invaginated. important in generating a large immunological library. surrounded by diffuse and nodular lymphoid tissue
Term
hemicapsule
Definition
collagenous capsule separates tonsils from underlying tissues
Term
swollen or sore throat
Definition
nodules greatly enlarged with germinal centers during infection
Term
teeth
Definition
hollow column of dentin. 70% in the form of calcium hydroxyapatites making it harder than bone. dentin not remodeled like bone so it remains if odontoblasts destroyed by disease.
Term
odontoblasts
Definition
layer of cells that line inner surface of dentin. secrete predentine which gets mineralized to form dentin. secretes throughout lifespan.
Term
dentin tubules
Definition
long narrow odontoblast processes that radiate through the entire depth of the dentin. changes in permeability sensed as pain.
Term
pulp cavity
Definition
hollow within center of dentin. filled with connectie tissue that contains blood vessles and nerves that entered through root canal
Term
crown
Definition
region of tooth that extends into oral cavity
Term
ameloblasts
Definition
embryonic cells that form enamel in cooperation with enamel organ. do not persist after tooth has erupted.
Term
enamel
Definition
98% calcium hydroxyapatites (hardest substance in the body). each ameloblast secretes a single prism that extends through the entire depth of the enamel
Term
root
Definition
region of tooth that extends through the gingiva and into the alveolus
Term
periodontal ligament
Definition
thick collagen fibers that anchors tooth into alveolus. distributes forces of mastication to prevent bone reabsorption. differs from normal ligament. highly cellular, vascularized and innervated. high rate of collagent turnover. fibers embedded into periosteum to connect to bone. connected to tooth via cementum
Term
cementocytes
Definition
produce bone like material. appear similary to osteocytes with lacunae but lacking canaliculi. remodeled like bone according to physical stress
Term
external auditory meatus
Definition
tube traversing from auricle to tympanic membrane. lined by skin, ceruminous glands, wall reinforced by elastic cartilage (superficial 1/3) or bone (deep 2/3).
Term
ceruminous glands
Definition
modified apocrine sweat glands that secrete cerumen into hair follicles or directly onto surface
Term
tympanic membrane
Definition
fibrous membrane that separates external auditory canal from cavity of middle ear
Term
pars flaccida
Definition
small nontense area located superiorly
Term
pars tensa
Definition
tense region. firmly attached to the annulus fibrocartilaginous
Term
cuticular layer
Definition
consists of thin, hairless skin. most external layer
Term
intermediate fibrous layer
Definition
consists of two layers of specialized fibers. outer layer arranged radially, inner layer arranged circularly
Term
mucous layer
Definition
simple cuboidal epithelium with thin underlying lamina propria. most internal layer of tympanic membrane.
Term
ossicles
Definition
endochondrial bone lined with either simple cuboidal or pseudostratified epithelium with a thin underlying lamina propria
Term
cochlea
Definition
composed of three coiled tubes. contains the auditory sense organ
Term
scala vestibuli
Definition
originates at oval window. filled with perilymph
Term
scala media
Definition
separated from scala vestibuli by Reissner's membrane. filled with endolymph. contains organ of corti.
Term
stria vascularis
Definition
maintains ionic concentratio in scala media. stratified squamous epithelium with highly vascularized lamina propria
Term
scala tympani
Definition
separated from scala media by basilar membrane. filled with perilymph
Term
spiral ganglion
Definition
contains cell bodies of bipolar neurons that give rise to CN8
Term
organ of Corti
Definition
rests on basilar membrane. hearing organ
Term
tectorial membrane
Definition
rests on top of hair cells. waves within endolymph cause it to depress cilia of hair cells
Term
pillar cells
Definition
provide foundation for tunnel of Corti
Term
inner and outer phalangeal cells
Definition
supportive role to hair cells
Term
utricle and saccule
Definition
otolith organs. cilia embedded within gelatinous glycoprotein layer. calcium carbonate crystals on top of glycoprotein layer, move in response to position of head and linear acceleration
Term
goblet cells
Definition
central layer of nuclei
Term
columnar cells
Definition
superficial most layer nuclei
Term
semicircular canals
Definition
structure similary to otolith organs, hair cells surrounded by supporting cells. sense organ for rotational acceleration. oriented along x,y,and z planes. rotation causes endolymph to reflect cupula in opposite direction which is detected by hair cells
Term
crista ampullaris
Definition
receptor organ within each semicircular canal
Term
cupula
Definition
cilia embedded within this large glycoprotein structure
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