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BJU World History ch 9
BJU
75
History
9th Grade
12/03/2008

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Term
During the Middle Ages, trade activity was low. Few items were traded by what method (the exchange of goods for goods)?
Definition
Barter
Term
Reopening trade routes to the East was a major factor in the revival of European coommerce. What area gained a monopoly on Mediterranean trade?
Definition
Italy
Term
In the local markets (primary place of trade) What were the serfs allowed to do as an incentive to produce more than was needed to take care of the people on the manor and those in the towns?
Definition
Serfs were allowed to produce extra goods and sell them for profit.
Term
What was needed in the markets because merchants didn't know the value of foreign money?
Definition
Money changers; they could judge the approximate value of coins, discover counterfeit money, and determine the value of foreign currency in relation to other currencys.
Term
A "just price" included what?
Definition
cost of materials, fair return for labor, and a reasonable profit.
Term
True or False: Usury (practice of charging interest for the use of lent money) was not considered a view of the church and actually considered a sin.
Definition
True
Term
What were the economic principles brought about by the revival of trade and changes in European business methods?
Definition
dignity of labor, legitamacy of profit, freedom of exchange, and individual (not group) responsibility for economic matters.
Term
What did the Roman Catholic Church think about medieval business practices?
Definition
The church discouraged economic activity. The church actually viewed with suspicion those people who traded. The church considered people involved in trade for a profit, selfish. The church said if you received more than a reasonable profit, then you were expected to give it to charity. The church prohibited usury (charging interest when lending money) and called it a sin.
Term
What European military campaigns brought about renewed interest in international trade?
Definition
The Crusades
Term
Who served as middlemen in trade between Europe and the Orient?
Definition
Italian merchants
Term
What were the primary centers of trade on the local level in Europe? What were the centers of trade for large-scale international trade?
Definition
Markets,Fairs
Term
Where do we get our word for bank?
Definition
banca
Term
What is the term for changing interest for the use of lent money? What institution condemned this practice during the Middle Ages?
Definition
Usury; the Roman Catholic Church condemned it.
Term
Barter
Definition
Exchanging goods for goods
Term
Florin
Definition
Gold coin minted by the city of Florence
Term
Moneychangers
Definition
They exchanged different types of coins.
Term
"Just price"
Definition
Set prices for items where you woundn't get more than a reasonable profit.
Term
What factors contributed to the growth of towns on medieval Europe?
Definition
Increase of food (because of better farming methods), renewed trade, and population growth in Europe.
Term
List four basic freedoms shared by most townspeople.
Definition
Free Status (he was considered a free man), Exemtion from Manorial Obligations (exempt from laboring for the lord of the manor), Town Justice (tried in their own courts, not the courts of the feudal system), and Commercial Privileges (right to buy and sell freely in the town markets).
Term
What is the primary function of a guild?
Definition
To regulate the business activity of a given town.
Term
What were the three classes of members of craft guilds?
Definition
Apprentice, journeyman, and master
Term
What new social class arose with the rise of towns in the eleventh and twelfth centuries? What were the chief occupations of the people of this class?
Definition
Middle class, Merchants, bankers, craftsmen, and skilled laborers
Term
Charter
Definition
Legal document that contained the privileges given to a town by the feudal lord.
Term
Hanseatic League
Definition
Sought to organize and control trade in Sweden, Russia, Flanders, and England (the Baltic region).
Term
What were three accomplishments of the middle class?
Definition
1. contributed to the decline of feudalism, 2. threatened the position of the nobleman in society, 3. weakened the nobility's political authority.
Term
What slew 1/4 of the population of Europe in the 14th century?
Definition
Black Death
Term
What were the primary centers of education during the Middle Ages?
Definition
Cathedrals and monasteries
Term
Students during the Middle Ages chose their school according to what?
Definition
What teacher they wanted.
Term
Art and architecture of the Middle Ages were most influenced by what?
Definition
the church
Term
Francis of Assisi and Bernard of Clairvaux both wrote what?
Definition
Medieval hymns
Term
Name the English victories during the Hundred Years' War.
Definition
Agincourt, Crecy, and Poitiers
Term
The German Diet was similar to the English Parliament and the French Estates-General. Who were the members of the diet, therefore the real power in Germany?
Definition
people of nobility
Term
What was the purpose of the Council of Constance?
Definition
end the Great Schism.
Term
What family ruled England as a result of the Wars of the Roses?
Definition
Tudor
Term
True or False: students at the university in Bologna formed a guild to ensure adequate teaching from the teachers.
Definition
True
Term
True or False: Scholasticism sought to harmonize the teachings of the church (faith) and the writings of Greek philosoophers (reason).
Definition
True
Term
True or False: Medieval science didn't use many experiments to find accurate facts concerning the physical world.
Definition
True
Term
Which type of architecture was dark and heavy?
Definition
Romanesque
Term
Which type of architecture was light and delicate?
Definition
Gothic
Term
True or False: the German electors passed the imperial crown from one family to another in order to prevent one family from becoming too strong.
Definition
True
Term
List three factors that aided a revival of learning during the twelfth century.
Definition
Political and economic conditions were improving, Contact with others opened new ideas, and towns grew
Term
What were two of the earliest universities begun in Europe? How did they differ?
Definition
in Bologna and in Paris, who ran the school
Term
What is the name of the new intellectual movement characterized by a renewed interest in theology and philosophy? What did the philosophers and theologians of this movement try to harmonize?
Definition
Scholasticism, faith and reason
Term
What clouded the work of medieval science?
Definition
Magic and superstition
Term
Who were the two greatest writers of the late Middle Ages? Beside each man's name, identify his native country and the title of his important work.
Definition
Date Alighieri-Italy-Divine Comedy, and Geoffrey Chaucer-England-The Canterbury Tales
Term
Trivium
Definition
Latin, effective speaking, and logic
Term
Quadrivium
Definition
arithmatic, geometry, astronomy, and music
Term
Anselm
Definition
the earliest scholastic thinker
Term
Peter Abelard
Definition
"first key to wisdom"
Term
Thomas Aquinas
Definition
"the prince of the schoolmen"
Term
vernacular
Definition
common spoken language (first literature was in the form of long narrative poems)
Term
Troubedours
Definition
wandering minstrels (who go from castle to castle singing)
Term
Romanesque
Definition
"Roman-like"
Term
Gothic
Definition
"visual Bible"
Term
What two nations fought during the Hundred Years' War? What were the dates of this war?
Definition
England and France, 1337 to 1453
Term
Which side won most of the battles of this war? What side won the war?
Definition
England won more but France won the war
Term
What people did the Spanish and Portuguese seek the drive out of the Iberian Peninsula? What was this effort called?
Definition
Moors (Spanish Muslims),Reconquista
Term
What was the German constitution called? What assembly did it establish?
Definition
Golden Bull, Diet
Term
Following the collapse of the Hohenstaufen house, what family came the occupy the throne of the Holy Roman Empire and ruled from Vienna until after World War I?
Definition
Hapsburg family
Term
Longbows
Definition
new bows England had that helped them in the Hundred Years' War
Term
Joan of Arc
Definition
peasant girl who inspired Nationalism in the people of France by arousing the French king to action and rallying the troups.
Term
taille
Definition
royal land tax in France
Term
Cortes
Definition
council like the Parliament
Term
Which pope issued the papel bull Unam Sanctam? What did it assert?
Definition
Boniface VIII, "It is altogether necessary to salvation for every human being to be subject to the Roman pope"
Term
To what city was the papacy "exiled"? What is this period called?
Definition
Avignon,France; "Babylonian Captivity of the church"
Term
Name two of the church councils called to settle the Great Schism.
Definition
Pisa and Constance
Term
What is the name for the time period where more than one pope claimed supremacy?
Definition
Great Schism
Term
What two rulers married, therefore creating Spain?
Definition
Ferdinand and Isabella
Term
Who was humiliated and defeated by Philip IV?
Definition
Boniface VIII
Term
Who was an English scientist in Medieval times?
Definition
Francis Bacon
Term
Who was the earliest scholastic thinker who used logical arguments to prove God's existance?
Definition
Anselm
Term
Who wrote Summa Theologica?
Definition
Aquinas
Term
Who wrote about pilgrims traveling to Becket's shrine, giving a good picture of medieval life?
Definition
Chaucer
Term
Who wrote about an imaginary journey through hell, purgatory, and paradise?
Definition
Dante
Term
Who wrote Sic et non?
Definition
Abelard
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