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Birch - Test 2
n/a
78
History
Undergraduate 2
11/02/2009

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Term
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Definition
-Heir to Austro-Hungarian Empire -assassination during "Goodwill tour" sparks WWI
Term
Central Powers (Triple Alliance)
Definition
Austria, Germany, Ottoman Empire
Term
Allies (Triple Entente)
Definition
Serbia, Russia, France and Great Britain
Term
Limited War
Definition
limited goals, usually land; fought with small, professional armies; fewer weapons; government and armies were the people most effected by war
Term
Total War
Definition
WWI is first one; complete commitment to war; large militarizes with drafted soldiers; more sophisticated weapons; goal is total inhalation of enemy; everyone is involved in war effort which makes civilians legitimate targets.
Term
Trench Warfare
Definition
predominant fighting tactic; 6-7 feet deep from 3 miles to 300 miles long; make WWI a stalemate - no one winning, but a lot of people dying
Term
5 Reasons US moves towards war
Definition
1. cultural ties: culturally tied to Great Britain and France
2. British propaganda: one sided information
3. Ego: world power needs to be involved; fight to be part of the peace treaty
4. economics: 1915 British prevent US from trading with central powers; US becomes financially invested in winning the war
Term
U-Boats
Definition
German submarines to try and control Atlantic ocean sinking all ships that weren't American or German.
Term
Lusitania
Definition
May 1915 - U-boat sinks 128 American civilians sunk
Term
Zimmerman Telegraph
Definition
send Zimmerman Telegraph to Mexico: British intercept it before it gets to Mexico: if US declares war on Germany, Mexico should regain its stolen territory in the US.
Term
War Industries Board
Definition
regulate economy, and provide everything and anything needed for war effort.
Term
Committee on Public Information
Definition
provide public with information on the war; some information inaccurate.
Term
Espionage Act
Definition
1917 - made it illegal to spy, and sabotage the war effort
Term
Sedition Act
Definition
1918 - illegal to speak or write against federal government, the war effort, the allied cause or the armed forces, cause Americans to spy on one another, suspicious of Germans
Term
Fourteen Points
Definition
War and Peace Aims
1. Wanted no more secret alliances
2. Freedom of the Seas
4. World War Disarmourment
5. Every nation should have self determination - determine what type of government they want
14. Wilson proposed the League of Nations - talk things out before going to war
Term
League of Nations
Definition
European nations to talk things out before going into war
Term
Treaty of Versailles
Definition
Germany, Austria and Russia not part of writing the treaty
- officially create league of nations
- punishes Germany with Article 231
Term
Article 231 (War Guilt Clause)
Definition
Germany had to admit guilt for war, disarm and cut size of army, navy and air force, give up all colonies, pay allies reparations
- German civilian government forced to sign Treaty of Versailles
Term
Teapot Dome Scandal
Definition
secretary of interior - Albert Fall transfers naval oil reserves from department of navy into his departments, then sells oil to private individuals, and keeps some money to himself - forced to resign
Term
Nativism
Definition
extreme patriotism and paranoia - everything American is good but everything foreign is questionable and probably scary
Term
"Red Scare"
Definition
fear that communism and communists trying to filtrate and take over America; Eastern Europe, dies down by end of 1920s
Term
A. Mitchell Palmer
Definition
Attorney General conducted the palmerades: 1,000s of suspected communists were arrested, and several 100 were deported
Term
National Origins Quota Act
Definition
1924 - placed a cap on immigration set at 200,000 immigrants/year
Term
Sacco and Vanzetti
Definition
charged with and found guilty of and executed for armed robbery because they were Italian men - racial profiling
Term
KKK
Definition
D.W. Griffith's - Birth of a Nation: grow on the idea that if everybody knew their place in society, America would be safer.
Term
Religious Fundamentalism
Definition
Evangelical movement where people turned to the Bible for traditions and and values, but took it to the extreme
Term
Scopes Trial
Definition
battle with evolutionists and creationalists: Tennessee, passed a law making it illegal to teach evolution in public schools and American Civil liberty union (ACLU) decides to challenge the law. John scopes purposely broke the law - trial leads to law being overturned
Term
Roaring Twenties
Definition
mentality of embracing all of the changes and embracing life
Term
Second Industrial Revolution
Definition
rebirth of big business and big production
Term
Consumerism
Definition
massive purchasing of goods, unnecessary luxury items, introduction of credit, car and radio
Term
Harlem Renaissance
Definition
emergence of black artists telling their stories, Harlem NY. create a bridge between blacks and white
Term
New Woman
Definition
young, educated, professional women who were independence before marriage
Term
Flapper
Definition
25 and younger, all about rejecting society's ideas about how women should behave.
Term
"Sick Industries"
Definition
Agriculture, railroad and coal - start to have problems and fail, Great Depression caused by cycle of decline
Term
Margin Buying
Definition
purchasing of stocks through borrowing money from a stockbroker - caused the stock market to grow every year and increased the number of people invested in the market
Term
Black Tuesday
Definition
October 29, 1929 marked the beginning of the crash as well as being one of the worst days in the market history to that date.
Term
Dust Bowl
Definition
caused by combination of poor farming techniques and severe drought and high winds
Term
Hoovervilles
Definition
communities of homeless
Term
Hawley Smoot Tariff
Definition
raised import tariffs to encourage Americans to buy American thus improvising the American economy
Term
Home Loan Act
Definition
provided $200 million for home loans - building homes is good for the economy because it creates jobs and spending
Term
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
Definition
create in 1932 and invested federal money into banks, railroad and other businesses to create jobs and increase wages
Term
Bonus Army
Definition
made up of WWI veterans - Hoover refuses to meet with the Bonus Army for their military bonuses
Term
Election of 1932
Definition
Roosevelt had an overwhelming victory - immediately began work on the New Deal.
Term
League of Nations
Definition
was created but failed because there was no neutral party to help settle European disputes
Term
Dawes Plan
Definition
Charles Dawes in 1924: US loan $ to Germany, Germany takes half to pay reparation to G.B. and France, G.B. and France take half of that to pay loan to US
Term
Italy, Japan and Germany in the 1930s
Definition
Italy: restore glory of Rome; Benito Mussolini; 1.Begin rebuild the Italian army 2.makes Italy's trains run on time 3.1935, Italy begins to colonize by invading Ethiopia. Japan: 1930s - looking at expansion; 1931-1932 Japan conquers Manchuria; 1937 launches full scale invasion on China Germany:
Term
Rhineland
Definition
sends German army; industrialized area of Germany that had been given to France during Treaty of Versailles, if France shows resistance to turn around, French told army to stand down and Germany took over
Term
Spanish Civil War
Definition
fights between Spanish government and Francisco Franco who is trying to overthrow the government; Germany offers to help Franco win the war, so that Germany could use Spanish Civil War as a practice run for what was to come
Term
Neutrality Acts
Definition
series of laws passed through 1940 enacted to keep us from getting into Europe war
Term
Johnson-Debt Default Act
Definition
example of neutrality acts, banned US loans to waring nations
Term
Sudetenland
Definition
Hitler threatens war if he doesn't get the Sudetenland: mountain region of Czechoslovakia
Term
Munich Agreement
Definition
Great Britain, France and Germany- give Sudetenland to Germany if Germany promises not to take anything else.
Term
Ribbentrop Pact
Definition
Germany and Russia sign non aggression pact and 2 nations will split up Poland
Term
Blitzkrieg
Definition
"lightning war" - Germany attacks France, fell in 6 weeks; any way for US to stay out of war is for British to stay in the war
Term
Lend-Lease Act
Definition
US could give anything to anyone on a lend and lease basis
Term
Greater East Asian Co-prosperity sphere
Definition
Japan created to liberate pacific region from European and American domination, provide economic prosperity for area, US opposes.
Term
Pearl Harbor
Definition
Dec 7, 1941 - surprise attack via aircraft carrier, 3 ships sunk, 1 ship capsized, 1 ship ran ground, 2200 Americans died. US Declares war on Japan and Germany
Term
Allies v. Axis
Definition
Allies: US, Great Britain, Russia. Axis: Germany, Italy, Japan
Term
Three Part Problem
Definition
Term
War Production Board
Definition
created to supply military and promote rationing, conservation, war bonds and price controls
Term
Double V Campaign
Definition
call for victory abroad over fascism and at home over racism - beginning of civil rights movement
Term
Braceros Program
Definition
brought Mexican citizens into America to work - most commonly in Agriculture
Term
Zoot Suit Riot
Definition
LA - June 1943 - Mexican American men have disagreements with military men
Term
Relocation Centers
Definition
100,000 Japanese-Americans sent to relocation centers due to fear of espionage
Term
Office of War Information
Definition
in charge of creating and distributing propaganda and information material to American citizens
Term
United Serviceman's Organization (USO)
Definition
entertained the troops
Term
European Theater
Definition
fighting that took place in Europe and Africa
• 2/3 of German armies were facing Russia
Term
Goal of the European Theater
Definition
Defeat Hitler and the German army
Term
Operation Fortitude
Definition
June 6, 1944 the allies invade France at Normandy-one date for test
Term
Battle of the Buldge
Definition
took place Dec 16- Aug 16. Germans were not retreating to France they were retreating to mountains to plan a surprise attack
German armies last real stand against the U.S. and the British
Term
VE day
Definition
Victory in Europe Day May 8th 1945
Term
Pacific Theater
Definition
Fighting tactic used in the pacific was called Island Hopping because Allies would hop from island to island until they get close enough to invade mainland Japan
o Fighting in pacific is going to be more brutal then the fighting in Europe
Term
First goal of the pacific theater
Definition
o Stop Japan from advancing further into the islands
o First major is Battle of Bataan
Term
Battle of Midway
Definition
o Lose 3 aircraft carriers
 100s of men, and supplies on plane
o Beginning of end of Japanese Airforce
Term
Kamikaze Pilots
Definition
• Suicide bomber
• 650 kamikaze attacks were launced
o Only 174 of them were successful; Winds would blow and they couldn’t turn
Boys crashed into war so they can become POW’s for the U.S.
Term
Hiroshima
Definition
first atomic bomb, ordered by Truman, o 60,000 people killed instantly
o 100,000 died within a day and a half
Term
Nagasaki
Definition
2nd atomic bomb, o 40,000 killed instantly
o 100,000 in day n half
Term
VJ Day
Definition
Victory in Japan Sept 2, 1945
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