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BioTest2
Cells Part 1
23
Biology
Undergraduate 1
10/11/2010

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Term
(c. 1660’s) paid by English government to make microscopic discoveries. Published: Micrographia (1635-1703). Also found cells in cork [he called cilia].
Definition
Hooke
Term
(c. 1670’s) fabric merchant- examined fabric very closely with his own, salf-made microscope (which was very well made). Began studying fabrics in microscope. Saw/drew all basic shapes of bacteria, sperm, and microscopic single cell organisms. Father of Microbiology.
Definition
Leeuwenhoek
Term
(c. 1820) began putting stains in cells to be able to compare/contrast. Found one single big structure in all cells when stained (nucleus).
Definition
Brann
Term
(c. 1830’s) cell theory: all living things are composed of cells, smallest units possessing all properties of life.
Definition
Shleiden & Schwann
Term
(c. 1860) modification of cell theory: all living things come from other living things (biogenesis). Resulting debate: biogenesis vs. spontaneous generation.
Definition
Virchon
Term
the organisms basic units of structure and function
Definition
Cells
Term
Characteristics of all cells
Definition
Plasma Membrane
Genetic material composed of DNA
Cytoplasm
Term
invented the microscope in the late 1500’s [was actually more similar to what we would consider to be a magnifying glass]
Definition
Janssens
Term
DNA cells exist in a nucleoid
Definition
In bacteria and archea cells
Term
DNA exists in a nucleus
Definition
In all other cells
Term
Very small cells
Lack significant internal complexity
Possess a nucleiod
Cell type found in all members of the domains archea and bacteria
Definition
Prokaryote Cell
Term
Larger, more complex cells. These cells posses a well-defined nucleus and a variety of membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelles
Genetic material is surrounded by a double layer of membranes
Found in all members of the domain eukarya which includes the kingdoms animilia, plantae, fungi, and protista
Definition
Eukaryotic Cells
Term
Plasma membrane: differentially (selectively) permeable
Definition
Animal cell outer structure
Term
Cell Wall: provides protection and support
Definition
Plant cell outer structure
Term
Plasma membranes consist of:
Definition
Lipids and proteins
Biomolecular layer of phospholipids, plus occasional steroids
Proteins on surfaces and protruding inward and throughout
Not a fixed, solid structure
“Fluid Mosiacs”
Term
Common types of membrane proteins
Definition
Attachment proteins
Recognition proteins (+ carbs=glycoproteins)
Receptor proteins (cell signaling) sends a message and tells the cell something to do
Enzymatic Proteins (catalyze reactions)
Transport Proteins- moves polar materials from one side to the other
Term
moves materials with the concentration gradient—from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
Definition
Passive process of materials entering and leaving cells
Term
net movement of particles from areas of high concentration of those particles to areas of lower concentration
Definition
Simple Diffusion
Term
: the diffusion of water across a differentially permeable membrane
Definition
Osmosis
Term
movement of materials (ex: sugar) from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration but with a helper (transport protein).
Definition
Facilitated Diffusion
Term
A "helper" that moves materials in a cell.
Definition
Transport protein
Term
move materials against concert ration gradient (from low to high) with the help of transport proteins.
Definition
Active Transport
Term
Groups of similar cells that function together to carry out specific activities in multi-cellular organisms.
Definition
Tissues
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