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Biosystems
Important Proteins for Pharmacists
35
Biology
Graduate
10/30/2011

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Term
proteins can be classified by
Definition
-shape
-families
-composition
-function
Term
fibrous proteins
Definition
-strand-like
-water insoluble
-stable
-ex. keratin,elastin, collagen, certain contractile fibers
Term
globular proteins
Definition
-compact
-spherical
-water soluble
-sensitive to environmental changes
-specific functional regions (active sites)
-ex.antibodies,hormones,chaperones,enzymes
Term
example of classification by families
Definition
-related by amino acid sequence
-hemoglobins,immunoglobulins
Term
apoprotein
Definition
protein part of the molecule without its prosthetic group
Term
prosthetic group
Definition
non protein component
Term
holoprotein
Definition
protein in combination with the prosthetic group
Term
defense proteins
Definition
-keratin,fibrogen
Term
storage protein
Definition
ovalbumin
Term
hemoglobin
Definition
-iron containing oxygen transport protein
-4 globular protein subunits
-high alpha helix content
-each subunit has a non protein heme group
-each heme contains an iron ion
-each iron can bind an oxygen molecule
Term
A1C should be
Definition
6.5%
Term
antibodies
Definition
-immunoglobulins
-recognize and bind to specific antigens
-y-shaped molecule with 2 identical binding sites
-binding site is formed from loops on polypeptide chain
Term
ion channels
Definition
-over 300 types
-pore-forming proteins in membranes
-allow ions to flow down a concentration gradient
-channel
-selective filter
-multiple subunits
-often "gated"
Term
examples of ion channels
Definition
-voltage gated sodium channels
-voltage gated calcium channels
-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
-mechanosensitive channels
Term
serum albumin
Definition
-most abundant plasma protein
-helps regulate oncotic pressure
-important plasma carrier protein
-binds non-specifically to many
-contains long alpha helices
Term
neurogenerative protein diseases
Definition
-Alzheimer's
-Huntington's
-Prion-based
Term
Alzheimer's accumulation of
Definition
-beta amyloid plaques
-hydrophosphorylated tau (tangles)
Term
Huntingtons's disease
Definition
-begin in 30s and 40s
-abnormal Huntington protein lead to beta sheet formation
-nuclear inclusions form and cause neuron death
Term
prions
Definition
infectious misfolded proteins that degenerates the cortex to look like a sponge
Term
examples of prion diseases
Definition
-kuru
-CJ
-scrapie (sheep)
-mad cow
-fatal familial insomnia
Term
PrP
Definition
-normal prion protein found on exterior of cell membranes
-function unknown
Term
PrP*
Definition
-misfolded
-beta sheet conformation replaces alpha helices
-causes amyloid plaques/astrocytosis
Term
prion transmission theory
Definition
-cannot be transmitted through air/touch
-may be transmitted through contact with infected tissue, body fluids, or contaminated medical instruments
-normal sterilization does not inactivate prions
Term
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Definition
-rare and incurable prion disorder
-most common transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in humans
-1921 discovered
-transmissible and inheritable
Term
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease incidence
Definition
1 per million per year
Term
ligand
Definition
substance that is bound by a protein
Term
3 types of binding
Definition
-surface-string
-helix-helix
-surface-surface
Term
surface-string
Definition
-kinases recognize the loop that will be phosphorylated
Term
helix-helix
Definition
many gene regulatory proteins
Term
surface-surface
Definition
most common interaction for enzymes
Term
hold substrate at active site
Definition
-weak non-covalent bonds
Term
ligand and protein will hold together until
Definition
random thermal vibrations cause them to dissociate
Term
steady state
Definition
assoication RATE=dissociation RATE
Term
Kd
Definition
-dissociation constant
-weak binding/low affinity
Term
K increases this much for every 1.4kcal/mol increase in free E difference
Definition
power of 10
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