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Bioscience 610
Forearm/Palm/Joints
211
Science
Graduate
02/20/2011

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Cards

Term
The proximal radioulnar joint connects was parts of the radius and ulna?
Definition
Head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna
Term
The distal radioulnar joint is between what parts of the radius and ulna?
Definition
The head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius
Term
What muscles are in the superficial group of flexor muscles?
Definition

Pronator Teres

Flexor carpi radialis  

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Palmaris longus

Term
Out of the muscles in the superficial group of flexor muscles, which muscle lies deep to the other four?
Definition
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Term
The common flexor tendon is attached to what?
Definition
The medial epicondyle of the humerus
Term
What is the proximal attachment of the pronator teres?
Definition
The medial epicondyle of the humerus ( common flexor tendon)
Term
What is the distal attachment of the pronator teres?
Definition
The middle of the lateral surface of the radius
Term
What is the function of pronator teres?
Definition
Pronator teres pronates the hand and flexes the forearm
Term
What is the proximal attachment of the flexor carpi radialis?
Definition
The medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor tendon)
Term
Where is the distal attachment of flexor carpi radialis?
Definition
The flexor carpi radialis tendon attaches to the base of the second metacarpal bone
Term
What is the function of flexor carpi radialis?
Definition
The flexor carpi radialis muscle flexes and abducts the hand
Term
What is the proximal attachment of palmaris longus?
Definition
The medial epicondyle of the humerus (Common flexor tendon)
Term
What is the distal attachment of palmaris longus?
Definition
Palmaris longus tendon attaches to the palmar aponeurosis
Term
What is the function of palmaris longus?
Definition
Palmaris longus flexes the hand
Term
What is the proximal attachment for flexor carpi ulnaris?
Definition
The medial epicondyle of the humerus (Common flexor tendon)
Term
What is the distal attachment of flexor carpi ulnaris?
Definition
The flexor carpi ulnaris tendon attaches to the pisiform, the hamate, and the base of the 5th metacarpal bone
Term
What is the function of flexor carpi ulnaris?
Definition
The flexor carpi ulnaris muscle flexes and adducts the hand
Term
What is the proximal attachment of flexor digitorum superficialis?
Definition
The medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor tendon)
Term
What is the distal attachment of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
Definition
The flexor digitorum superficialis tendon attaches to the middle phalanx of digits 2-5
Term
What is the function of flexor digitorum superficialis?
Definition
Flexor digitorum superficialis flexes the middle phalanx of digits 2-5
Term
Where (anatomically) do you feel the pulse of the radial artery?
Definition
Between abductor pollicus longus and flexor carpi radialis tendons
Term
The radial nerve emerges on the dorsal side of the brachioradialis tendon and becomes what?
Definition
Cutaneous nerve
Term
Why is it clinically relevant that the brachial artery sometimes bifurcates in the arm, and not the forearm?
Definition
The ulnar artery may course superficial to the superficial group of flexor muscles. When this happens, the ulnar artery may be mistaken for a vein. When certain drugs are injected into an artery, the capillary is damaged, followed by gangrene
Term
What nerve innervates palmaris longus, flexor carpi radialis, flexor digitorum superficialis and pronator teres?
Definition
The median nerve
Term
The common interosseous artery divides into what?
Definition
Anterior interosseous artery
Posterior interosseous artery
Term
The anterior interosseous artery supplies what?
Definition
The deep group of flexor muscles
Term
The posterior interosseous artery supplies what?
Definition
The extensor group of forearm muscles
Term
The flexor carpi ulnaris is innervated by what nerve?
Definition
The ulnar nerve
Term
The medial one-half of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle is innervated by what nerve?
Definition
The ulnar nerve
Term
What muscles are in the deep group of flexor muscles?
Definition
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus
Term
What is the proximal attachment of flexor digitorum profundus?
Definition
The anterior surface of the ulna and interosseous membrane
Term
What is the distal attachment of flexor digitorum profundus muscle?
Definition
Distall, the flexor digitorum profundus tendons attach to the distal phalanx of digts 2-5
Term
The lateral one-half of flexor digitorum profundus muscle is innervated by what nerve?
Definition
The median nerve
Term
The medial one-half of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle is innervated by what nerve?
Definition
The ulnar nerve
Term
What is the proximal attachment of flexor pollicus longus?
Definition
The anterior surface of the radius and interosseous membrane
Term
What is the distal attachment of flexor pollicis longus?
Definition
The distal phalanx of digit 1 (thumb)
Term
What is the function of flexor pollicis longus?
Definition
Flexes digit 1 (thumb)
Term
What is the function of pronator quadratus muscle?
Definition
The pronator quadratus muscle pronates the hand
Term
By definition, what are intrinsic hand muscles?
Definition
Instrinsic hand muscles are muscles that have their proximal and distal attachments within the hand
Term
There are two superficial groups of instrinsic hand muscles, what are they?
Definition
Thenar group of muscles
Hypothenar group of muscles
Term
Deep in the hand lies a third group of intrinsic hand muscles, what muscles are make up this group?
Definition
The interosseous muscles and the adductor pollicis muscle
Term
The nerve supply of the palmar aspect of the hand is derived from what nerves?
Definition
The median and ulnar nerves
Term
The palm is supplied with blood by two arterial arches, what are they?
Definition
The superficial palmar arch
The deep palmar arch
Term
The superficial palmar arch is mainly derived from what?
Definition
The superficial palmar arch is mainly derived from the Ulnar artery
Term
The deep palmar arch mainly derived from what?
Definition
The deep palmar arch is mainly derived from the radial artery
Term
How many carpal bones are there? What are they the proximal (lateral to medial) and distal (lateral to medial)
Definition
There are 8 carpal bones
Proximal (Scaphoid, lunate, Triquetrum, pisiform)
Distal (Trapezium, Trapezoid, capitate, hamate)
Term
How many metacarpal bones are there?
Definition
5 metacarpal bones
Term
How many phalanges are there?
Definition
14 phalanges
Term
Digit 1 (thumb) has how many phalanges? Digits 2-5 (fingers) have how many?
Definition
Digit 1: 2 phalanges (proximal & distal)
Digits 2-5: 3 phalanges (proximal, middlle, distal)
Term
What is carpal tunnel syndrome caused by?
Definition
A swelling of the common flexor sheath may encroach on the availble space in the carpel tunnel. As a result, the median nerve may be compressed
Term
The flexor retinaculum bridges what four bones?
Definition
Pisiform and the hook of the hamate on the medial side and tubercle of the scaphoid and trapezium on the lateral side
Term
The space between the carpal bones and the flexor retinaculum is what?
Definition
The carpal tunnel
Term
The proximal attachment of the palmaris brevis is what?
Definition
The proximal attachment of the palmaris brevis is the medial aspect of the palmar aponeurosis
Term
What is the distal attachment of the palmaris brevis?
Definition
The distal attachment of palmaris brevis is the skin over the hypothenar eminence
Term
The ulnar artery passes lateral to the pisiform bone with the ulnar nerve, then divides into what?
Definition
A superficial branch and a deep palmar arch
Term
The superficial palmar arch is completed by what?
Definition
The superficial palmar arch is completed by a smaller contribution from the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery
Term
Superficial branch of the ulnar nerve innervates what?
Definition
The superficial branch of the ulnar nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to digit 5 and the medial side of digit 4
Term
What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?
Definition
Median nerve, 4 tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, 4 tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle, & the tendon of the flexor pollicis longus muscle
Term
The three thenar muscles are innervated by what nerve?
Definition
The recurrent branch of the median nerve innervates the three thenar muscles
Term
Lumbrical muscles 1 & 2 are intervated by what?
Definition
The median nerve innervates lumbrical muscles 1 and 2
Term
Which muscle has its own synovial sheath, and what is the name of the sheath?
Definition
The tendon of the flexor pollicis longus muscle has its own synovial sheath (radial bursa)
Term
There are two sets of synovial sheaths, what are they?
Definition
Common flexor synovial sheath (ulnar bursa) and 3 digital synovial sheaths
Term
Where do the 4 lumbrical muscles arise from?
Definition
The 4 lumbrical muscles arise from the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus
Term
What is the dital attachments of the lumbrical muscles?
Definition
The radial side of the extensor expansions of digits 2-5
Term
What is the function of the lumbrical muscles?
Definition
The lumbrical muscles flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and extends the interphalangeal joints
Term
The thenar group of muscles contains what three muscles?
Definition
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
Term
What is the proximal attachments of the thenar muscles?
Definition
The scaphoid, trapezium, and flexor retinaculum
Term
What is the distal attachment of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle?
Definition
The lateral side of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
Term
What is the function of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle?
Definition
The abductor pollicis brevis muscle abducts the thumb
Term
What is the distal attachment of flexor pollicis brevis muscle?
Definition
The lateral side of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
Term
What is the function of the flexor pollicis brevis muscle?
Definition
Flexor pollicis brevis muscle flexes the thumb
Term
What is the distal attachment of the opponens pollicis muscle?
Definition
Lateral side of the shaft of the first metacarpal bone
Term
What is the function of opponens pollicis?
Definition
Opponens pollicis opposes the thumb
Term
What is the clinical relevence if the recurrent branch of the median nerve is injured?
Definition
The recurrent branch of the median nerve is superficial and it can easily be severed by "minor" cuts over the thenar eminence. If the recurrent branch of the median nerve is injured, the thenar muscles are paralyzed and the thumb cannot be opposed
Term
The hypothenar group contains what three muscles?
Definition
Abductor digiti minimi muscle
Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle
Opponens digiti minimi muscle
Term
What are the proximal attachments for the hypothenar muscles?
Definition
The pisiform, hamate, and flexor retinaculum
Term
What is the distal attachment of abductor digiti minimi?
Definition
The medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of digit 5
Term
What is the function of abductor digiti minimi muscle?
Definition
Abducts digit 5
Term
What is the distal attachment of flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle?
Definition
The medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of digit 5
Term
What is the function of flexor digiti minimi brevis?
Definition
Flexes digit 5
Term
What is the distal attachment of opponens digiti minimi muscle?
Definition
The medial border of the fifth metacarpal bone
Term
What is the function opponens digiti minimi muscle?
Definition
Opposes digit 5
Term
The opponens digiti minimi muscle is innervated by what nerve?
Definition
The ulnar nerve
Term
The deep palmar arch is completed by what?
Definition
The deep palmar arch is completed by the deep branch of the ulnar artery
Term
What are the two heads of the adductor pollicis muscle?
Definition
The oblique and transverse
Term
What are the proximal attachments of the oblique head of the adductor pollicis muscle?
Definition
The bases of metacarpal bones 2 & 3 and the adjacent carpal bones
Term
Where is the proximal attachment of the transverse head of the adductor pollicis muscle?
Definition
The anterior surface of the shaft of metacarpal bone 3
Term
Both heads of the adductor pollicis muscle distally attach where?
Definition
Both heads attach to the medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
Term
What is the function of adductor pollicis muscle?
Definition
Draws the thumb toward digit 3 (adduction)
Term
What is the proximal attachment of the palmar interosseous muscles?
Definition
The palmar interosseous muscles are unipennate muscles that attach to the metacarpal bones of digits 2,4,5
Term
What is the distal attachment of the palmar interosseous muscles?
Definition
Distally, each palmar interosseous muscle attaches to the base of the proximal phalanx and the extensor expansion of the same digit on which it originates
Term
What is the proximal attachment for the dorsal interosseous muscles?
Definition
The dorsal interosseous muscles are bipennate muscles that attach to metacarpal bones 1-5
Term
What is the distal attachment of the dorsal interosseous muscles?
Definition
Distally, the dorsal interosseous muscles attach to the bases of the proximal phalanges and the extensor expansions of digits 2-4
Term
What is the function of the 3 palmar muscles?
Definition
They are adductors. They adduct digits 2,4,5 toward an imaginary axial line drawn through the long axis of digit 3
Term
What is the function of the four dorsal interosseous muscles?
Definition
The four dorsal interosseous muscles are abductors. They move digits 2-4 away from the imaginary axial line.
Term
The interosseous muscles are innervated by what nerve?
Definition
The deep branch of the ulnar nerve innervates the interosseous muscles
Term
All intrinsic muscles of the hand are innervated by the ulnar nerve except which muscles?
Definition
Thenar group and the first two lumbrical muscles, which are innervated by the median nerve
Term
The muscles of the deep group of extensors has what function?
Definition
They cause supination of the hand, extension of digit 2, and abduction and extension of the thumb
Term
The superficial group of extensors have what function?
Definition
Extend the wrist and proximal phalanges
Term
What are the muscles that comprise the superficial extensor group?
Definition
Brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, & extensor carpi ulnaris
Term
4 of the muscles in the superficial extensor group have the same attachment, what are the muscles and where do they attach?
Definition
Extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, and extensor carpi ulnaris; attach to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, by the way of the common extensor tendon
Term
What is the distal attachment of the brachioradialis?
Definition
Brachioradialis tendon attaches to the lateral surface of the distal radius
Term
What is the distal attachment of the extensor carpi radialis longus?
Definition
Extensor carpi radialis longus tendon attaches to the base of metacarpal bone 2
Term
What is the distal attachment of extensor carpi radialis brevis?
Definition
Extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon attaches to the base of metacarpal bone 3
Term
What is the distal attachment of extensor digitorum?
Definition
Extensor digitorum tendons attach to the extensor expansions of digits 2-5
Term
What is the distal attachment of extensor digiti minimi?
Definition
Extensor digiti minimi tendon attaches to the extensor expansion of digit 5
Term
What is the distal attachment of extensor carpi ulnaris?
Definition
Extensor carpi ulnaris tendon attaches to the base of metacarpal bone 5
Term
What lines the osseofibrous tunnels?
Definition
Synovial sheaths line the osseofibrous tunnels
Term
What muscles make up the deep extensor group?
Definition
Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis, and supinator
Term
4 muscles of the deep extensor group has the same proximal attachment, what are the muscles and where is the proximal attachment?
Definition
Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, & extensor indicis attach at the posterior surfaces of the radius, ulna, & interosseous membrane
Term
What is the distal attachment of abductor pollicis longus?
Definition
Abductor pollicis longus tendon attaches to the base of metacarpal 1
Term
What is the distal attachment of extenson pollicis brevis?
Definition
Extensor pollicis brevis tendon attaches to the base of the proximal phalanx of digit 1
Term
What is the distal attachment of extensor pollicis longus?
Definition
Extensor pollicis longus tendon attaches to the base of the distal phalanx of digit 1
Term
What is the distal attachement of extensor indicis?
Definition
Extensor indicis tendon attaches to the extensor expansion of digit 2
Term
What is the anatomical snuffbox?
Definition
The snuffbox is a depression on the posterior surface of the wrist
Term
What bounds the anatomical snuffbox?
Definition
Anteriorly by the abductor pollicis longus tendon and the extensor pollicis brevis tenon. The posterior boundary is the extensor pollicis longus tendon
Term
What can be found within the confines of the anatomical snuff box?
Definition
The radial artery
Term
Where does the dorsal carpal arch come from?
Definition
The dorsal carpal arch is a branch of the radial artery that arises in the anatomical snuff box
Term
What supplies blood to the dorsum of the hand?
Definition
The dorsal carpal arch
Term
What is the proximal attachment of the supinator muscle?
Definition
The lateral epicondlye of the humerus, the radial collateral and anular ligaments of the elbow, and the lateral surface of the ulna
Term
What is the distal attachment of the supinator muscle?
Definition
The proximal 1/3 of the radius
Term
What is the function of supinator muscle?
Definition
Supinates the hand
Term
What nerve innervates the supinator muscle?
Definition
The deep branch of the radial nerve innervates the supinator muscle
Term
When the deep branch of the radial nerve emerges from the supinator muscle, its name changes to what?
Definition
Posterior interosseous nerve
Term
What muscles does the posterior interosseous nerve innervates?
Definition
The extensor muscles
Term
What nerve innervates all of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Definition
The radial nerve
Term
Why are there no muscles in the hand that are innervated by the radial nerve?
Definition
There are no intrinsic muscles in the dorsum of the hand. Therefore, there are no muscles in the hand that are innervated by the radial nerve
Term
What type of joint is the acromiaoclavicular joint?
Definition

A plane synovial joint

(which allows for gliding movement, the two surfaces are usually flat in a plane joint)

Term
What is the purpose of the coracoclavicular ligament?
Definition
It supports the acromioclavicular joint
Term
There are two ligaments that make up the coracoclavicular ligament, what are they?
Definition

Conoid ligament

Trapezoid ligament

Term
What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
Definition
A ball-and-socket synovial joint with a wide range of motion
Term
What joint has a greater degree of movement than any other joint in the body and why?
Definition
The glenohumeral joint, because the small area of contact between the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula and the loose joint capsule
Term
The stability of the shoulder joint (glenohumeral) depends on what?
Definition
The function of the muscles of the rotator cuff
Term
What prevents superior displacement of the head of the humerus?
Definition
The coracoacromial ligament, the acromion, and the coracoid process prevent superior displacement of the head of the humerus
Term
What are the movements of the glenohumeral joint?
Definition
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction
Term
The elbow joint consists of 2 types of joints, what are they?
Definition
A hinge joint A gliding joint
Term
The ulnar lateral ligament is located where?
Definition
On the medial side of the elbow joint
Term
What type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint?
Definition
Radioulnar joint is a pivot joint
Term
Where is the proximal radioulnar joint?
Definition
It is a pivot joint that occurs between the head of the radius and the radial notch on the ulna
Term
What are the movements of the elbow joint?
Definition
Extension & Flexion
Term
The radius and the ulna are joined throughout their length by what?
Definition
The interosseous membrane
Term
The interosseous membrane is what type of joint?
Definition
A fibrous joint
Term
The distal radioulnar joint occurs where?
Definition
The distal radioulnar joint is a pivot joint that occurs between the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch on the radius
Term
The wrist joint is also called what?
Definition
Radiocarpal joint
Term
The wrist joint is the articulation between what?
Definition
The distal end of the radius and the proximal carpal bones (Scaphoid & Lunate only)
Term
The distal end of the radius articulates with what carpal bones?
Definition
Scaphoid and Lunate
Term
What carpal bones are most commonly fractured in a fall on the outstretched hand?
Definition
Scaphoid and Lunate
Term
What are the movements of the wrist joint
Definition
Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction
Term
Why can the digits not be spread (abducted) unless they are extended?
Definition
The ligaments are slack during extension and taut during flexion. Therefore, the digits cannot be spread unless they are extended
Term
What are the movements of the metacarpophalangeal joint?
Definition
Flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
Term
What type of joints are the metacarpophalangeal joints?
Definition
Condyloid joints
Term
What are the movements of the interphalangeal joint?
Definition
Flexion and extension
Term
What limits the range of motion in the digits?
Definition
The collateral ligaments limit the range of motion
Term
What type of joint are the interphalangeal joints?
Definition
Hinge joints
Term
Elbow tendinitis is also called what?
Definition
Lateral Epicondylitis or Tennis Elbow
Term
What is elbow tendinitis caused by?
Definition
Repeated forceful flexion and extension of the wrist strain the attachment of the common extensor tendon, producing inflammation of the periosteum of the lateral epicondyle
Term
What is the cause of a synovial cyst?
Definition
The cause is unknown
Term
Clinically, what is the swelling on the dorsum of the wrist?
Definition
Ganglion
Term
What can outcome of swelling common flexor synovial sheath?
Definition
Compression of the median nerve (carpal tunnel)
Term
What does it mean if you see a superficial vessel pulsating near the wrist?
Definition
It is probably the radial artery being too superficial because the origin is more proximal. This is significant because it is vulnerable to laceration
Term
What is cubital tunnel syndrome?
Definition
The ulnar nerve being compressed in the cubital tunnel. The sign is claw hand
Term
What is Dupuytren Contracture of Palmar fascia?
Definition
A disease of the palmar fascia resulting in progressive shortening, thickening, and fibrosis of the palmar fascia and aponeurosis.
Term
What is the effect of Dupuytren Contracture?
Definition
The medial side of the hand pulls the 4th and 5th fingers into partial flexion at the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints
Term
What is the treatment for Dupuytren contracture?
Definition
Usually involves surgical excision of all fibrotic parts of the palmar fascia to free the fingers
Term
In hand infections, swelling usually results where?
Definition
The palmar fascia is think and strong, swelling usually appear on the dorsum of the hand, where the fascia is thin
Term
What determines the extent and direction of hand infections?
Definition
The fascial spaces determine the extent and direction
Term
What is tenosynovitis?
Definition
Inflammation of the tendon and synovial sheath
Term
If you get a infection in your 2nd, 3rd, and 4th fingers, why does the infection usually stay confined to that particular finger?
Definition
Because they nearly always have seperate synovial sheaths
Term
How would infection spread to common flexor sheath and through the carpal tunnel?
Definition
Infection in the little finger. The synovial sheath in the little finger is usually continuous with the common flexor sheath
Term
What is Quervain tenovaginitis stenosans?
Definition
Fibrous thickening of the sheath and stenosis of the osseofibrous tunnel.
Term
What is the cause of Quervain tenovaginitis stenosans?
Definition
The excessive friction is caused by repetitive forceful use of the hands during griping or wringing.
Term
How do you know if a patient has digital tenovaginitis stenosans?
Definition
When the finger movement is passive, a snap is heard. Flexion produces another snap as the thickened tendon moves
Term
What tendons are involved in digital tenovaginitis stenosans?
Definition
The tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus
Term
What tendons are usually involved in Quervain tenovaginitis stenosans?
Definition
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Pollicic Brevis
Term
Why is bleeding usually profuse in lacerations of the palm?
Definition
Because these vessels a numerous communications to the forearm and hand, thus bleed from both ends
Term
Where should you compress to try and stop bleeding in a complicated hand injury?
Definition
The brachial artery and its branches proximal to the elbow. This prevents blood from reaching the ulnar and radial arteries through anastomosis around the elbow
Term
Why does sensation in the central palm remain unaffected in carpal tunnel syndrome?
Definition
The palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve arises proximal to and does not pass through the carpal tunnel
Term
Why is the affect of carpal tunnel syndrome?
Definition
Unable to oppose the thumb
Term
What is the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome?
Definition
Partial or complete surgical division of the flexor retinaculum may be necessary
Term
During carpal tunnel release, why is the incision made on the medial side of the wrist?
Definition
To avoid possible injury to the recurrent branch of the median nerve
Term
What is ankylosis?
Definition
A stiffening or fixation of the joint occurs
Term
When ankylosis occurs, what is the treatment?
Definition
A section of the clavicle is removed creating a psuedojoint or "flail" joint to permit scapular movement
Term
What is a "shoulder seperation"?
Definition
An AC joint dislocation
Term
What is calcific supraspinatus tendinitis(calcific scapulohumeral bursitis)?
Definition
Inflammation and calcification of the subacromial bursa
Term
Why is there no pain during calcific supraspinatus tendinitis while the glenohumeral joint is adducted?
Definition
No pain usually results because in this position the painful lesion is away from the inferior surface of the acromion
Term
How do you test for degenerative tendonitis of the rotator cuff?
Definition
The person is asked to lower the fully abducted limb slowly and smoothly. From approximately 90 degrees abduction, the limb will suddenly drop to side if the rotator cuff is diseased or torn
Term
Most dislocations of the humeral head occur in what direction?
Definition
Downward (inferior)direction.
Term
Why are humeral dislocations clinically described as anterior or posterior dislocations?
Definition
The head ends up lying anterior or posterior to the glenoid cavity
Term
Why may the axillary nerve be injured in a glenohumeral joint dislocation?
Definition
Because of its close relation to the inferior part of the joint capsule. Subglenoid displacement of the head of the humerus into the quadrangular space damages the axillary nerve
Term
Glenoid Labrum tears usually occurs in what type of person?
Definition
Athletes who throw a baseball or football and in those who have shoulder instability
Term
What is adhesive capsulitis?
Definition
Adhesive fibrosis and scarring between the inflammed joint capsule
Term
Adhesive capsulitis is also known as what?
Definition
Frozen shoulder
Term
What are some injuries that may initiate acute capsulitis?
Definition
Glenohumeral dislocation
Calcific supraspinatous tendinitis
Partial tearing of the rotator cuff
Bicipital tendinitis
Term
Traction injury of the ulnar nerve is a frequent complication of what?
Definition
The abduction type of avulsion fracture of the medial epicondyle
Term
What have you injured if you are getting "Tommy John" surgery?
Definition
You have torn the ulnar collateral ligament
Term
What is the source of pain in a subluxation of the radial head?
Definition
A pinched anular ligament
Term
Blood supply to the Lunate is good or poor?
Definition
Poor
Term
In degenerative joint disease, surgical fusion of the carpals may be necessary to relieve the pain. What is the process of surgically fusing the carpals called?
Definition
Athrodesis
Term
What has gone wrong in a bull rider's thumb?
Definition
A sprain of the radial collateral ligament and an avulsion fracture of the lateral part of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
Term
What is skier's thumb?
Definition
Refers to the rupture or chronic laxity of the collateral ligament of the 1st metacarpophalangeal joint.
Term
What are the shoulder joints?
Definition
Sternoclavicular joint (SC)
Acromioclavicular joint(AC)
Glenohumeral joint GH
Scapulothoracic articulation ST
Term
What is the purpose of a labrum?
Definition
Deepens the cavity
Term
What are all the ligaments of the glenohumeral ligaments?
Definition
Coracoclavicular ligament
Coracoacromial ligament
Super, Medial, & Inferior glenohumeral ligaments
Term
What are the shoulder bursae?
Definition
Subacromial
Subdeltoid
Subcoracoid
Term
What helps determine superior from inferior in the radius and ulna?
Definition
The syloid processes that help form the wrist
Term
The radioulnar joint provide what motion?
Definition
Pronation & Supination
Term
The hinge part of the elbow joint is between what two parts?
Definition
Humerus and Ulnar
Term
During _______ the radius and ulna cross and form an X
Definition
During pronation
Term
The ulnar collateral ligament connects what and what type of stress does it resist?
Definition
Connects the medial epicondyle of humerus to ulna.
It resists valgus stress
Term
The radial collateral ligament connects what parts and resists what type of stress?
Definition
Lateral epicondyle of humerus to radius and resists varus stress
Term
What does the anular ligament connect?
Definition
Connects ulna and radial head
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