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Bios 205 - Exam 3
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI's)
91
Biology
Undergraduate 2
06/02/2009

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Term
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI's)
Definition
Formerly known as Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and Venereal Diseases (VDs)
Term
STI's
Definition
Infections ofter spread by sexual contact although many may be spread by other types of contact. Symptoms may be limited to the genitalia or involve mucus membranes of the entire system
Term
Classifications of Sexually Transmitted Infections
Definition
Yeasts/Fungal, Bacterial, Parasitic (Protozoan or Multicellular), Viral
Term
Yeasts/Fungal
Definition
CANDIDIASIS, caused by fungus Candida albicans, normal flora of skin and vagina, 75% of women experience it during childbearing years
Term
Yeasts/Fungal symptoms:
Definition
Sometimes none. Female - redness, swelling, itching, vaginal discharge. Male - inflammation, surface lesions on penis
Term
Candidiasis Treatment
Definition
Antifungal agents, many avialable over the counter
Term
Candidiasis Prevention
Definition
FEMALE: immediate attention and completion of treatment; wear cotton panties, aviod nylon. MALE: aviod sexual contact with females with active infections; uncircumcised = higher risk
Term
Candidiasis Long Term Effects
Definition
Recurrence without proper precaution & treatment, presistence may indicate HIV infection
Term
Bacterial
Definition
SYPHILIS, Treponema pallidum
Term
Syphilis symptoms
Definition
Primary - painless skin ulcer at site of exposure. Secondary - variable skin rash, mucous matches, flat topped papules secreting fluid and dead skin, swollen lymph nodes, hair loss. Tertiary - neurologic and/or cardiovascular infection, death. Latent - no clincal signs, has an initial lengthy latent period
Term
Syphilis
Definition
Transmitted through sexual contact, via muscus membranes or broken skin. Infected women can pass it to babies at birth
Term
Syphilis Prevalence
Definition
about 40,000 cases annually in US, New Primary and Secondary cases are most often in 20-24 yr old women & 35-39 yr old men
Term
Syphilis Treatment
Definition
Antibiotics in increasing doses depending on duration of infection
Term
Syphilis Prevention
Definition
Aviod contact with infected partners, USE CONDOMS
Term
Bacterial
Definition
GONORRHEA, Neisseria gonorrohoeae
Term
Gonorrhea symptoms:
Definition
FEMALES: vaginal or urethral discharge, rectal bleeding, fever, lower abdominal pain. MALES: change in frequency of urination, inability to urinate, opaque urthral discharge. 25% of men have NO symptoms
Term
Gonnorrhea is transmitted through...
Definition
Sexual Intercourse
Term
Gonorrhea treatment
Definition
Antibiotics, oral sex can lead to oral gonorrhea
Term
Gonorrhea long term effects
Definition
about 40% of women develop Pelvic Inflammatory Disease which can lead to Fallopian tube blockage and ectopic pregnancy, mothers can pass the infections to newborns
Term
Gonorrhea prevelance
Definition
approx 700,000 cases per year in the US
Term
Gonorrhea prevention
Definition
condoms help, make sure partners do not carry infection
Term
Chlamydia (2 kinds)
Definition
Trachoma & Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LVG)
Term
Chlamydia - Trachoma
Definition
FEMALES: vaginal discharge, burning urination, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding. MALES - penile discharge, burning urination, burning or itching at urethral opening
Term
Chlamydia - Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)
Definition
Males and Females: blisters, swollen lymph nodes
Term
Chlamydia symptoms
Definition
Many men and women have NO symptoms - up to 85% of women
Term
Chlamydia - LGC treatment
Definition
Antibiotics, due to asymptomatic nature, widespread screening is needed
Term
Chlamydia - LGC long term effects
Definition
untreated infections spread to uterus and fallopian tubes leading to PID and extopic pregnancy, infected women have 5 times higher risks of getting HIV
Term
Chlamydia - LGV prevalence
Definition
from 3 to 4 million people infected annually in the US, 2/3 women and 1/3 men are infected frmo one sexual encounter
Term
Chlamydia - LGV prevention
Definition
Condoms can reduce transmission, infected partners should be avioded
Term
Acute Urethral Syndrome and Bacterial Vaginosis
Definition
Syndromes in women caused by variety of bacteria
Term
Acute Urethral Syndrome and Bacterial Vaginosis symptoms
Definition
Urethral syndrome - painful, urgent & frequent urinations. Vaginosis - exessive, smelly discharge; redness, itching, swelling
Term
Acute Urethral Syndrome and Bacterial Vaginosis treatment
Definition
Complete course of Antibiotics, Follow-up evaluation to confirm elimination of infection
Term
Acute Urethral Syndrome and Bacterial Vaginosis Prevention
Definition
Neither condition is considered sexually transmitted, but each is sexually associated, Follow-up immediately on any symptom
Term
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Definition
Bacterial infection of the reproductive organs in females, usually cuased by multiple bacteral species, Transmission by sexual intercourse with infected males
Term
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)Symptomes
Definition
Many women are asymptomatic, symptoms are varied and inconsistent (chills, fever, elevated white blood cell count)
Term
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Treatment
Definition
Broad spectrum antibiotics, combines antibiotic regiem, Hospitalization/surgery
Term
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Long Term Effects
Definition
Chronic PID, extopic pregnancy, depression, infertility, pelvic adhesions
Term
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Prevelance
Definition
1,000,000 cases annually, 180,000 hospitalizations annually, 100,000 annually become infertile from PID
Term
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Prevention
Definition
Follow-up on all primary bacterial infections and evaluations consistently, refer sexual partners, use condoms
Term
Trichomoniasis Vaginalis
Definition
Single celled protozoan that usualy infects the vagina, urthra and other genital tissue
Term
Trichomoniasis Vaginalis Transmission
Definition
Contact with an infected individual
Term
Trichomoniasis Vaginalis Symptoms
Definition
Males rarely have symptoms. Females: discgarge, irritation during intercourse and urination, itching, abdominal pain. Female symptoms appear 5-28 days after contact
Term
Trichomoniasis Vaginalis Treatment
Definition
Oral Antibiotics metronidazole
Term
Trichomoniasis Vaginalis Prevention
Definition
Aviod infected partners, both partners should be treated, use condom to reduce chances
Term
Trichomoniasis Vaginalis Long Term Effects
Definition
Women may have chronic infections or frequent reourrence, infected pregnant women have premature, low weight babies
Term
Trichomoniasis Vaginalis Prevalence
Definition
2 to 3 million cases annually in the US
Term
Pubic Lice, pediculosis "crabs"
Definition
Infected by an Arthopod
Term
Pubic Lice transmission
Definition
contact with an infected person, wearing the clothing os using the bed or bedding of an infected person
Term
Pubic Lice SYmptoms
Definition
Severe itching in pubic area (infection may spread), both the lice and their nits (eggs) are visible to the naked eye
Term
Pubic Lice Treatment
Definition
over the counter lice killing lotions and shampoos
Term
Pubic Lice Treatment
Definition
over the counter lice killing lotions and shampoos
Term
Pubic Lice Prevention
Definition
All persons in contact should be treated, all clothing/bedding, etc. need to be washed and dried at very high temperature
Term
Pubic Lice Prevalence
Definition
Estimated 3 million new cases each year in the US
Term
Scabies
Definition
Infection by an Arthopod
Term
Scabies Transmission
Definition
Sexual contact, contact with skin, sheets, towels, bedding etc.
Term
Scabies symptoms
Definition
intense itching, small red bumps, skin reactions may not appear until one month after contact
Term
Scabies Treatment
Definition
Topical pesticides specific to the mite
Term
Scabies Prevention
Definition
All persons in close contact, getting rid of clothing, bedding, etc., avoid sexual contact with infected persons
Term
Scabies Long Term Effects
Definition
Apparently none - skin irritations may occur
Term
Genital Herpes
Definition
Caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus - 2 Types - Herpes SImplex 1 (HSV-1) and Herpes Simplex 2 (HSV-2)
Term
Genital Herpes
Definition
Herpes simplex is part of a larger virus family that includes chicken pox, shingles, mononucleosis, etc.
Term
HSV-1:
Definition
Is usually active at the lips, mouth, or throat (cold sores)
Term
HSV-2:
Definition
Usually active at the gentials
Term
Genital Herpes Transmission
Definition
Most people have HSV-1 from childhood, HSV-1 is transmitted to the genitals by any mouth to genital contact, HSV-2 is transmitted through direct contact with infected persons, People w/o symptoms probably transmit the most infections, FEMALES at much higher risks
Term
Genital Herpes Symptoms
Definition
Some show no symptoms, small blisters, cervical infections and inlammation of the urethra, fever, headache, weakness, fatigue, 3-4 weeks after infecttion herpes moves into latent stage of varying duration, symptoms return periodically, usually 4-5 times a year
Term
Genital Herpes Treatment
Definition
NO cure, antiviral drugs reduce symptoms
Term
Genital Herpes Treatment
Definition
NO cure, antiviral drugs reduce symptoms
Term
Genital Herpes Prevention
Definition
use of antiviral drug acyclovar reduces transmission, open discussion w/ partners, use of condoms reduces chances of infection
Term
Genital Herpes Long Term Effects
Definition
Recurrent outbreaks, can lead to meningitis, urthra problems, miscarriage, can be transfered to infant during birth - high fertility rate
Term
Genital Herpes Prevelance
Definition
about 45 million people in the US, 1 out of 4 women; 1 out of 8 men, over 200,000 ner cases per year
Term
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) aka Genital Warts and Condyloma Acuminata Transmission
Definition
Sexual contact with mucous membranes or breaks in skin, associated with oral sex
Term
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)Symptomes
Definition
Warty growths around genital area, vaginal growth women are unaware of
Term
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Definition
Over 100 strains of HPV, 30 to 40 strains are considered STIs, some may lead to cancer of the cervix, 16 and 18 may lead to pharyngeal cancer
Term
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Long Term Effects
Definition
Tissue can be irrevocably destroyed, may prevent natuarl vaginal delivery of babies, genital and/or rectal cancer, Pharyngeal cancer
Term
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Prevelance
Definition
Over 20 million cases in the US, . 6,200,000 cases diagnosed annually, over 50% college aged people, 60% of non-infected college age women will be infected within 5 years
Term
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Treatment
Definition
No cure, several therapies exist to remove warts
Term
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Prevention
Definition
Majority of partners are probably already infected, use of condom reduces risk, risk increase with each added sex partner, women at higher risk if male has had sex with a woman with cervical cancer, there are no tests to detext it in males
Term
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Prevention
Definition
VACCINE!!! Merck Vaccine 2006, GlaxoSmith Kline (Cervarix) - targets 16 and 18
Term
Hepatitis B (HBV)Transmission
Definition
Sexually, at birth, person to person contact through fluids, 50% of cases are transmitted sexually
Term
Hepatitis B (HBV)Symptoms
Definition
Not always Apparent, tiredness, anorexia, nausea, headache, fever, dark urine, liver enlargement
Term
Hepatitis B (HBV) Treatment
Definition
No specific treatment, just supporitve and symptomatic care
Term
Hepatitis B (HBV)Prevention
Definition
Two Vaccines are available and should be used
Term
Hepatitis B (HBV) Long Term Effects
Definition
Chronic Hepatitis; cirrhosis of liver, liver cancer, liver failure and death
Term
Hepatitis B (HBV) Prevelance
Definition
5-20% of US population have had the virus, 150,000 or more cases per year
Term
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency SYndrome (AIDS)
Definition
HIV is the virus that casues AIDS, Not all people infected with HIV will get AIDS. AIDS is a disease characterized by severe weakening of the immune system
Term
HIV/AIDS Symptoms
Definition
Rapid weight loss, dry cough, fever, profound fatigue, pneumornia, blotches, memory loss, depression, etc
Term
HIV/AIDS Treatment
Definition
Diagnosed cases of HIV infection must be referred to clinical specialists in the treatment of HIV/AIDS, the virus mutates rapidly and treatments change to follow mutations
Term
HIV/AIDS Prevention
Definition
Timely testing of you and every sexual partner PRIOR to having sex, condom use, behavorial modifications
Term
How HIV becomes AIDS
Definition
HIV destroys cells of the immune system, leading to compromised bodily defense system that can no longer fight other diseases and infections
Term
How HIV becomes AIDS (stages)
Definition
Stage 1 - Flu-like symptoms appear 2-4 weeds after infection. Latent Period - symptoms dissapear. Stage 2 - AIDS-related complex. Final Stage - progessive and irreversible destruction of the immune system, opportunistic infections and cancers move in leading to death
Term
HIV/AIDS Prevelance in the US
Definition
35,000 to 40,000 new cases annually, Close to 1,000,000 cases at any time, Approx. 15,000 deaths annually
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