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Biopsychology
CHAPTER SIXTEEN: Psychological Disorders
32
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
11/04/2013

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Term
Psychological disorder
Definition
An unusual pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving that is harmful to the self or to others.
Term
Schizophrenia
Definition
A group of disorders characterized by hallucination, delusion, cognitive impairment, mood disturbance, and social withdrawal.
Term
Hallucination
Definition
A false or distorted perception of objects or events.
Term
Delusion
Definition
A false belief or opinion that is strongly held in spite of conclusive, contradictory evidence.
Term
Positive symptom
Definition
An abnormal behavior, such as hallucination and delusion, that does not occur in healthy individuals but occurs in people with schizophrenia.
Term
Negative symptom
Definition
A normal and expected behavior that is absent due to schizophrenia.
Term
Concordance rate
Definition
The statistical probability that one individual will share a trait with another individual, typically a twin or other related person.
Term
Saccade
Definition
The rapid eye movement that occurs when an individual is visually tracking a moving stimulus.
Term
Typical antipsychotic medication
Definition
A dopamine antagonist that is used to treat schizophrenia or psychosis resulting from the use of dopamine agonists, such as cocaine and amphetamine.
Term
Phenothiazine
Definition
One of a major group of dopamine antagonists used in the treatment of psychosis.
Term
Atypical antipsychotic medication
Definition
One of several newer medications used to treat schizophrenia that are not dopamine antagonists.
Term
Chlorpromazine
Definition
A commonly prescribed dopamine antagonist, also known as Thorazine.
Term
Tardive dyskinesia
Definition
A chronic disorder, characterized by involuntary, jerky movements, that occurs as the result of long-term treatment with antipsychotic medications.
Term
Major depressive disorder (MDD)
Definition
A disorder in which intense feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and worthlessness persist a minimum of two weeks.
Term
Bipolar disorder
Definition
A mood disorder characterized by alternating cycles of mania and depression.
Term
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
Definition
A type of medication, used to treat major depressive disorder and related conditions, that interferes with the reuptake of serotonin at the synapse.
Term
Electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT)
Definition
A treatment of mood disorders in which convulsions are produced by the passage of an electric current through the brain.
Term
Mania
Definition
An emotional state characterized by abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood.
Term
Lithium
Definition
A simple salt that appears to stablize serotonin and norepinephrine levels in cases of bipolar disorder.
Term
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
Definition
An anxiety disorder characterized by repetitive, intrusive thoughts and the need to engage in certain behaviors to control anxiety.
Term
Obsession
Definition
An intrusive thought, feeling, or emotion with which a person is preoccupied; characteristic of obsessive compulsive disorder.
Term
Compulsion
Definition
An irresistible, repeated, impulse to perform an action; characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Term
Panic attack
Definition
The experience of intense feelings of impending doom and the need to escape accompanied by strong sympathetic arousal, including heart palpitations, sweating, trembling, and shortness of breath.
Term
Panic disorder
Definition
A condition characterized by repeated panic attacks and worries about having panic attacks.
Term
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Definition
An anxiety disorder arising in response to an extremely stressful event, characterized by intrusive memories, recurrent dreams, avoidance of stimuli associated with the stressful event, and heightened arousal.
Term
Autism
Definition
A severe lifetime disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction, range of interests, and communication.
Term
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Definition
A disorder first diagnosed in childhood, characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, or both.
Term
Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Definition
A close relative of amphetamine that is prescribed to treat attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Term
Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine or Dextrostat)
Definition
A dopamine agonist used to treat some cases of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Term
Adderall
Definition
A combination of amphetamine salts prescribed to treat attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Term
Antisocial personality disorder (APD)
Definition
A personality disorder diagnosed in adults, characterized by a failure to conform to social and legal codes of behavior and the violation of the rights of others.
Term
Psychopathy
Definition
A condition characterized by an abnormal lack or remorse and empathy, often leading to the exploitation of others to meet personal goals.
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