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Biopsychology
CHAPTER FOURTEEN: Emotion, Reward, Aggression, and Stress
27
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
11/04/2013

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Term
Emotion
Definition
A combination of physical sensations and the conscious experience of a feelings.
Term
Valence
Definition
A positive (attractive) or negative (aversive) reaction to an object or event.
Term
Nonverbal communication
Definition
The use of facial expressions, gestures, and body language to communicate ideas and feelings.
Term
Facial nucleus
Definition
One of two crainal nerve nuclei, located at the level of the pons, that control the facial nerves.
Term
Polygraph
Definition
A lie-detector test based on measures of autonomic arousal.
Term
James-Lange theory
Definition
A theory of emotion in which a person's physical state provides cues for the identification of an emotional state.
Term
Empathy
Definition
The ability to relate the feelings of another person.
Term
Catharsis
Definition
The relief of tension through the expression of emotion.
Term
Cannon-Bard theory
Definition
A theory of emotion in which the simultaneous activation of physical responses and the recognition of subjunctive feelings occur independently.
Term
Schachter-Singer theory
Definition
A theory of emotion in which general arousal leads to cognitive assessment of the context, which in turn leads to the identification of an emotional state.
Term
Somatic marker
Definition
An association formed between stimuli and resulting patterns of physical activation.
Term
Kluver-Bucy syndrome
Definition
A collection of symptoms, including tameness, extreme sexual behavior, and oral exploration, that results from damage to the temporal lobes, and the amygdala in particular.
Term
electrical self-stimulation of the brain (ESB)
Definition
A behavior engaged in willingly by research subjects that leads to electrical stimulation of certain parts of the brain.
Term
Medial forebrain bundle (MFB)
Definition
A fiber pathway that is a major site for electrical self-stimulation. The MFB connects to the substantia nigra and ventral tagmental area with higher forebrain structures, including the hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens.
Term
Aggression
Definition
The intentional initiation of a hostile or destructive act.
Term
Sham rage
Definition
A violent reaction to normally innocuous stimuli following removal of the cerebral cortices.
Term
Stress
Definition
An unpleasant and disruptive state resulting from the perception of danger or threat.
Term
Stressor
Definition
A source of stress.
Term
General Adaption Syndrome (GAS)
Definition
A three-stage model for describing the body's response to stress developed by Hans Selye.
Term
Alarm reaction
Definition
The first stage of Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome, characterized by activation of the sympathetic nervous system in mental alertness.
Term
Resistance stage
Definition
/6The second stage in Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome, characterized by the person's efforts to maintain normal activities while coping with stress.
Term
Exhaustion stage
Definition
The final stage of Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome, characterized by extremely low reserves of strength and energy.
Term
Stria terminalis
Definition
A pathway carrying information from the amygdala to the hypothalamus.
Term
Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis
Definition
A group of neurons that receive input from the amygdala and activate the HPA axis.
Term
Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Definition
A hormone released by the hypothalamus that signals the release of ACTH by the anterior pituitary gland.
Term
Immune system
Definition
The system used by the body to defend against bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances.
Term
Lymphocyte
Definition
A white blood cell; an important feature of the immune system.
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