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BioPsych 275
Chapter 11
30
Psychology
2nd Grade
04/15/2010

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Term
bilateral medial temporal lobectomy
Definition
removing medial portions of both temporal lobes
Term
lobectomy
Definition
an operation in which a lobe, or major part of one, is removed from the brain
Term
lobotomy
Definition
an operation where a lobe, or major portion, is separated by a large cut but is not removed
Term
retrograde amnesia
Definition
losing memory of before
Term
anterograde amnesia
Definition
not being able to remember afterward
Term
global amnesia
Definition
amnesiac information presented in all sensory modalitites
Term
memory consolidation
Definition
tranfering short term memories into long term storage
Term
explicit memories
Definition
are conscious memories
Term
implicit memories
Definition
memories are expressed by improved test performance without conscious awareness
Term
explicit A)Semantic B)Episodic
Definition
A)explicit memories for general facts or information B)explicit memories for particular events or ones experiences in ones life. Autobiographical memory
Term
cerebral ischemia
Definition
interruption of blood supply to brain.Suffer from medial temporal lobe amnesia
Term
Korsakoffs Syndrome
Definition
alcohol induced amnesia. damage to the mediodorsal nuclei.
Term
Alzheimer's
Definition
greatly reduced levels of acetylcholine. Degeneration of the basal forebrain.
Term
posttraumatic amnesia(PTA)
Definition
amnesia resulting from a nonpenetrating blow to the head
Term
Most prominent theory of memory consolidation.
Definition
Hebb's theory. Memories are stored in the short term by neural activity reverberating in closed circuits.
Term
Electroconvulsive shock (ECS)
Definition
intense, brief, seizure inducing current that is administered to measure the disruption of neural activity
Term
Reconsolidation
Definition
each time a memory is retrieved from long term, it is temporarily held in labile(changeable) short term memory
Term
standard consolidation theory
Definition
memories temporarily stored in the hippocampus until they can be transferred to a more stable cortical system.
Term
multiple-trace theory. Nadel and Moscovitch
Definition
hippocampus stores them for as long as they exist. Retained memories become progressively more resisitant to disruption. Because when similar situations happen, they become engrams, or linked to them. Further solidifying
Term
engram
Definition
a change in the brain that stores a memory
Term
Major structures of the temporal lobe`
Definition
hippocampus, amygdala, and adjacent rhinal cortex
Term
1)Entorhinal cortex 2)Perifhinal cortex
Definition
1)cortex within the rhinal fissure 2) cortext around the rhinal fissure
Term
cognitive map theory. O'Keefe and Nadel
Definition
hippocampus plays a role in episodic memory because the spatial context plays a critical role in recalling memory
Term
configural association theory
Definition
when signals represent one thing in a certain context but when the signal is shown in a different context, it draws on different memories
Term
amygdala
Definition
plays a role for memories or experiences with emotional significance
Term
prefrontal cortex
Definition
damage, can lead to ability to remember things, but not be able to relate the two. IE. the Cook who Couldnt
Term
cerebellum
Definition
participates in the storage of memories learned sensorimotor skills.
Term
striatum
Definition
stores the memories of the relationships between stimuli and responses. Habit forming things.
Term
Hebb
Definition
most modern thinking in regard to memory began with him
Term
long term potention (LTP)
Definition
is a facilitation of synaptic transmission following high-frequency electircal stimulation applied to presynaptic neurons
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