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Biology Unit 4
DNA & RNA
15
Biology
9th Grade
01/18/2013

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Term
Nitrogen Base
Definition
Creates the "rungs" (inside) of DNA; this is the genetic info; Adenine is always paired with Thymine & Guanine is always paired with Cytosine
Term
Sugar
Definition
Helps create structure of DNA; Deoxyribose for DNA, Ribose for RNA (outside of ladder)
Term
Phosphate
Definition
Helps create structure of DNA (Outside of ladder)
Term
DNA
Definition
Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid; genetic code; found in all cells; Nitrogen base changes depending on species; 3D = Double helix shaped; 2D = Ladder; used to compare/identify relationship between species
Term
RNA
Definition
Ribose Nucleic Acid; Use for protein synthesis; Used to compare/identify relationship within species
Term
Nucleotides
Definition
basic building block of DNA; DNA is a polymer made up of units called nucleotides
Term
DNA
Definition
Found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells; Found free floating in prokaryotic cells; Chromosomes are located (formed) by the DNA
Term
Replication
Definition
process of a strand being split into 2 strands, and from those 2 strands 2 complementary strands are formed to join and become 2 complete DNA strands
Term
DNA helicase
Definition
enzymes that unzip the DNA strand
Term
DNA polymerase
Definition
enzyme that reads and duplicates the DNA
Term
Steps of DNA Replication
Definition
The DNA is unzipped by the DNA helicase, then DNA is copied by the DNA polymerase
Term
mRNA
Definition
messenger RNA during transcription, reads unzipped DNA and forms complementary strand (U complementary to A; no T in RNA)
Term
tRNA
Definition
transfer RNA during translation brings the necessary amino acids needed
Term
Protein Synthesis
Definition
Process in which DNA in the nucleus is unzipped and transcription occurs. Then in the ribosome, translation occurs. Needed to form amino acids & proteins.
Term
Ribosome
Definition
Organelle where translation occurs.
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