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Biology Test 10/16
Biology test on chemistry in Mrs. Emerson's class. Date of Test: 10/16
26
Biology
9th Grade
10/14/2013

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Term
Covalent Bond
Definition
Formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of outer shell electrons.
Term
Ionic Bond
Definition
Formed when two ions with opposite electrical charges attract and the attraction holds them together.
Term
Hydrogen Bond
Definition
When hydrogen and oxygen from two different molecules of water attract because of their opposite charges.
Term
Valence Electron
Definition
An electron in the outer shell of an atom which can combine with other atoms to form molecules.
Term
Polar Covalent Bond
Definition
When electrons are shared unequally, resulting in one atom being partially - and the other partially +.
Term
Hydrophobic
Definition
(Afraid of water) Insoluble in water.
Term
Hydrophilic
Definition
(Water-loving) Soluble in water.
Term
Atom
Definition
Made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. Proton: + Neutron: = Electron: -
Term
When two atoms bond, what is responsible for the bonding?
Definition
Valence electrons.
Term
What types of bonds are there? Give an example for each.
Definition
Ionic Bond: NaCl (sodium chloride)
Covalent Bond: (Drawing)
Hydrogen Bond: (Drawing)
Polar Covalent Bond: (Drawing)
Term
What is an ion?
Definition
An atom that has gained or lost an electron.
Term
What happens when an ion is negatively charged? Positively?
Definition
- Charge: Gains Electrons + Charge: Loses Electrons
Term
All matter can be found in liquid, solid, and gas. What's special about water?
Definition
Water is a universal solvent, insulates (ice on water protects life below), regulates temp, cohesion (tendency of molecules to stick together).
Term
Water is said to be a polar covalent molecule. Why is it polar? (charged)
Definition
There is an uneven distribution of electrons between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
Term
What properties of water allow it to stick together?
Definition
The partial positive and negative charges. (It's polar)
Term
What is cohesion and adhesion of water?
Definition
Cohesion: The tendency of molecules of the same substance to stick together. (strongest with water than other liquids)
Adhesion: When water sticks to other substances.
Term
pH indicates the amount of ______ in a solution.
Definition
Hydrogen Ions.
Term
What is neutral? Basic? Acidic? (pH levels)
Definition
Neutral: 7
Basic: 14
Acidic: 0
Term
What are the four organic biomolecules? What are their monomers? How are their monomers joined? Broken apart?
Definition
Protein: Amino Acids
Carbohydrate: Monosaccharides
Lipid: Glycerol & Fatty Acids
Nucleic Acids: Nucleotides
Joined: Dehydration
Broken: Hydrolysis
Term
Enzymes are said to be catalysts. What does that mean?
Definition
Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions and lower the Ea.
Term
What is the energy of activation in a reaction? How do enzymes lower this?
Definition
Ea is the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction.
Enzymes lower Ea by bringing reactants closer together.
Term
Enzymes are specific for the reaction they control as well as...
Definition
... the environment they are in.
Term
What conditions must be controlled for an enzyme to work?
Definition
Temperature, pH, concentration, and substrate.
Term
The pH scale goes from ___ - ___
Definition
1 - 14
Term
Oxygen and Sulfur are ______.
Definition
Bullies.
Term
Polar means...
Definition
Charged.
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