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Biology of Vertebrates
N/A
30
Biology
Undergraduate 4
03/21/2011

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Cards

Term
Plumage
Definition
All of a bird's feathers together
Term
Beak
Definition
Hardened keratinized sheath over the jaws and nasal cavity. Extremely important for calls, maintenance, gathering food, how they take care of food. Replaces use of teeth.
Term
Synsacrum
Definition
"Posterior box". Helps birds be more affective at landing. Fusion of thoracic, lumbar, sacral, & some caudal vertebrae into pelvic girdle.
Term
Pygostyle
Definition
Provides more surface for muscle attachment. Attachment point for feathers.
Term
Furcula
Definition
"Anterior box". Provides protection for heart, lungs, and chest cavity; and makes up flight apparatus.
Term
Pectoralis
Definition
Pulls wing down. Largest flight muscle. 15% of bird's weight.
Term
Supracoracoideus
Definition
Lifts wing. Tendon connection b/t supracoracoideus and dorsal side of humerus to lift wing. 10% of bird's weight.
Term
Proventriculus
Definition
Front part of bird's stomach; functions like a normal vertebrate stomach
Term
Ventriculus
Definition
"Grinding"; also called the gizzard; mechanical digestion
Term
Cecum (2-Ceca)
Definition
Blind pouches storing bacteria
Term
Cloacal vent
Definition
Release of waste; not a true anus
Term
Pathway of blood in bird's heart
Definition
Vena Cava--R.Atrium--R.Ventricle--Pulmonary arteries--Lungs--Pulmonary veins--L.Atrium--L.Ventricle--Aorta to body (arch--carotid artery--head)
Term
Pathway of air in bird's
Definition
External nares--Nasal Cavity (beak)-- Mouth--Pharynx--Trachea-Larynx--Syrinx at split of trachea to bronchi (syrinx=bird voice box)--Posterior air sacs--Lungs (parabronchi)--Anterior air sacs--Trachea--Out
Term
Shivering
Definition
Response to body temperature dropping; Rapid muscle contraction
Term
Panting
Definition
Release of heat
Term
Pineal Gland
Definition
Distinct at rook of skull, used for photoreception
Term
Nictitating Membrane
Definition
Protection of lens and keeps lens clear; "3rd eyelid"
Term
Auriculars
Definition
Feathers modified around ear opening to help funnel sound waves.
Term
Metanephric Kidney
Definition
Advanced to perform osmoregulation on land
Term
Supraorbital Glands
Definition
Secrete ions/water onto face (out of body)
Term
Vas deferens
Definition
Conduct sperm
Term
Seminal vesicles
Definition
Where maturation of sperm occurs/storage
Term
Zygote
Definition
fertilized egg
Term
Albumen
Definition
Egg white of an egg. Protein. Encapsulates zygote
Term
Shell Gland
Definition
Lower stretch of oviduct. Encapsulated in a hard calcified shell
Term
Monogamous
Definition
1 woman and 1 male
Term
Polygamous
Definition
Multiple mates during breeding season
Term
Polygyny
Definition
Many females
Term
Polyandry
Definition
Many males and one female. Female defends the nesting territory
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