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Biology Notes
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82
Biology
9th Grade
12/18/2010

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Term
Biology is the study of:
Definition
living things
Term
What is the main function of DNA?
Definition
determines inherited characteristics
Term
Homeostasis means:
Definition
ability to maintain stable internal conditions
Term
Ecology is:
Definition
study of interactions of living things w/ one another in their environment
Term
Smallest units capable of carrying on all life processes
Definition
cells
Term
All organisms are made of:
Definition
one or more cells
Term
A Scientist noticed that a plant was wilted. This is an example of:
Definition
observation
Term
How do you test a hypothesis?
Definition
experiment
Term
What is a hypothesis?
Definition
possible answer to a questions
Term
If the objective lens of a microscope is 10x and the ocular is 20x, what is the total magnification?
Definition
total magnification: 200x
Term
What are the SI units for measurements?
Definition
meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
Term
Know Lab Safety
Definition
Know Lab Safety
Term
What did Hooke observe when he discoverved cells?
Definition
little boxes inside of cork cell. little boxes = cells
Term
Why is surface area important in limiting cell growth
Definition
cell surface area - to function ratio
Term
skipped
Definition
Term
know difference in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Definition
Pro= no membrane bound nucleus and membrane bound organelle Eu= true
Term
skip
Definition
Term
skip
Definition
Term
What regulates what enters and leaves a cell??
Definition
osmosis
Term
what's an organelle?
Definition
well-defined; perform specific functions for cell
Term
A large active cell has many of this organelle
Definition
Mitochondria
Term
This organelle helps to move supplies from one part of the cell to the other
Definition
endoplasmic reticulum
Term
in which organelle is ATP produced
Definition
Mitochondria
Term
What are the many hair-like structures that protrude from a cell that help w movement
Definition
cilia
Term
Where are proteins made?
Definition
ribosomes
Term
the packaging and distribution center of the cell is the ______________
Definition
Golgi Apparatus
Term
double membrane around the nucleus
Definition
nuclear envelope
Term
Cell : Plasma Membrane:: Nucleus
Definition
Nuclear envelope
Term
label parts of a cell on a diagram
Definition
Term
Organelle associated with photosynthesis
Definition
chloroplasts
Term
plant cells have these large organelles in which water, waste and nutrients are stored:`
Definition
central vacuole
Term
Diffusion takes place from an area of ____ to ______ concentration
Definition
low; high
Term
Ink dispersal in a beaker of water is an example of ________________
Definition
diffusion
Term
How does glucose sugar enter cell?
Definition
by way of facilitated diffusion
Term
Know the characteristics of facilitated diffusion
Definition
a type of passive transport that allows substances to cross membranes
Term
what types of transport do not require energy?
Definition
passive transport (diffusion)
Term
Which substance enters cell by way of active transport?
Definition
water
Term
Diffusion of water is called ____________
Definition
osmosis
Term
what ions do the sodium-potassium pump and in which direction?
Definition
moves 3 NA+ ions into the cell for every 2 K+ ions it moves into the cytosol ( atp supplies the pump )
Term
What is exocytosis?
Definition
Process by which a substance is released from the cell a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses w the membrane to let the substance out of the cell
Term
what is endocytosis
Definition
(includes pinocytosis and phagocytosis) Process by which cells absorb molecules from outside the cell by engulfing it with their cell membrane
Term
What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?
Definition
water diffuses out of the cell and equilibrium is reached
Term
how does DNA become more compact?
Definition
DNA wraps around proteins called histones to help maintain the compact structure of chromosomes
Term
What are chromatids?
Definition
half of a chromosome
Term
What is the center of the chromosome called that attached two sister chromatids?
Definition
centromere
Term
How many chromosomes do humans have?
Definition
46
Term
What is a diploid cell??
Definition
cells having two sets of chromosomes
Term
Diploid: body cell:: Haploid:
Definition
sperm and egg cells
Term
How many chromosomes are in the human egg?
Definition
23
Term
If the diploid number of an organism is 8, what is the number of chromosomes in the body cell?
Definition
4
Term
What is Binary Fission?
Definition
asexual reproduction
Term
Which stage of the cell cycle occupies most of the cell's life
Definition
interphase
Term
What is the correct sequence of the cell cycle phases
Definition
G1, S, G2,mitosis, cytokinesis
Term
Stage when Chromosomes are lined up along the equator of the cell:
Definition
telophase
Term
59-61. Identify stages of mitosis in a digram
Definition
picture please!
Term
Describe daughter cells after mitosis
Definition
??????
Term
What is mitosis?
Definition
process of cell division
Term
What is crossing-over?
Definition
portions of homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material
Term
Who was the "father of genetics"?
Definition
Gregor Mendel
Term
skipped
Definition
Term
What are true-breeding plants?
Definition
only breeds plants with same traits
Term
what was the designationfor Mendel's original pure strains of plants?
Definition
They were meant to be cross polinated and manipulated so that mendel could dictate whatever trait he wanted
Term
Homozygous : Heterozygous :: BB :
Definition
Bb
Term
Law of Independent assortment:
Definition
states that allele pairs separate independently during the formation of gametes. This means that traits are transmitted to offspring independently of one another.
Term
Law of Segregation:
Definition
states that allele pairs separate or segregate during gamete formation, and randomly unite at fertilization.
Term
What's an organism's Phenotype?
Definition
appearance
Term
Two recessive alleles and the individual is said to be ________
Definition
Homozygous
Term
What is the genotype for an individual who is heterozygous for tallness (T and t)
Definition
Tt
Term
76-77 OMIT
Definition
78-79 Answer questions about a dihybrid cross
Term
80-83 Use punnett square to answer some questions
Definition
84-86 work gentic crosses to make predictions about offspring
Term
What is the difference between a monohybrid cross and a dihybrid cross?
Definition
Mono tracks one trait, di tracts two
Term
What are the building blocks of DNA??
Definition
nucleotides
Term
What are the parts of DNA??
Definition
ribosephosphate, nitrogenous base(andenine, guanine, thymine and cytosine) ,hydrogen band, helical protein
Term
What is a nucleotide made of?
Definition
Nucleic acid
Term
Deoxyribonucleic acid gets its name from which part of the DNA molecule?
Definition
the sugar molecules??
Term
know base rules for dna
Definition
Term
if DNA strand is CCTAGCT what would the new strand be??
Definition
GGATCGA
Term
if DNA strand is CCTAGCT what would the new strand be??
Definition
GGATCGA
Term
What is the Function of tRNA
Definition
Transfers
Term
which type of RNA carries instructions for making proteins
Definition
Messenger RNA
Term
in RNA adenine is complementary to ____
Definition
Thymine
Term
99-101 Solve translation problems using a chart
Definition
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