Perch Pyloric Caeca

Finger like projections involved in digestion and absorption

Perch Intestines

Digestive organ where absorptionof nutrients occurs and waste is transformed into fecal matter

Perch Swim or Air Bladder

large, gas filled organ that allows the firsh to regulate buoyancy

Perch Heart

two chambers

circulates blood

has single ventricle, atrium, and sinus venosus

oxgenated and deoxygenated blood mix which reduces oxygen levels of blood pumped in the body

Perch Intestines

Digestive organ where absorptionof nutrients occurs and waste is transformed into fecal matter

Perch Testies

Male gonads

produce sperm and certian hormones

Perch Testies

Male gonads

produce sperm and certian hormones

Perch Liver

makes bile

stores glycogen and nutrients

metabolizes fats and other compounds

Perch Gills / Gill Arch

Gills: respiratory organs located on sides of pharynx, one on each side of the head covered by bony operculum

Gill Arch: hard bony structure that supports gills

Shark Spleen

maintains blood

destories old RBC and makes new ones

Shark Stomach

three parts: cranial, fundic, pyloric

Shark Intestines

contains spiral valve which is an internally twisted organ that setves to increase the absorptive surface of the intestines

Shark Liver

secretes bile and glycogen

stores nutrients

produces and holds oil for buoyancy

Shark Gall Bladder

green sac that holds bile for enzymatic digestion

Shark Heart

muscular S shaped tube with two chambers

has single ventricle, atrium, and sinus venosus

oxgenated and deoxygenated blood mix which reduces oxygen levels of blood pumped in the body

Shark Rectal Gland

acts as a salt gland for ozmoregulation by removing excess sodium

Shark Gonads

Female: egg and hormone production

Male: gonads for sperm production

Shark Claspers

male copulatory organs

Shark Lateral Line

a series of small fluid-filled canals lying just beneath the skin on the head and along the sides of the body

this complex system of receptors transforms underwater sound or mechanical disturbance into nerve impulses that allow a shark to orient to the sorce

Shark Ampullae or Lorenzini

specilized sensory cells that are capable of detecting weak electric fields at short ranges, enabling sharks to locate prey without visual or olfactory cues.

Shark Nares

consist of both incurrent and excurrent apertures

used in odor detection

Shark Spiracle

a rudimentary first gill slit

it provides for oxygenated blood directly to the eye and brain via a seperate blood vessel

allows water to gills when mouth is closed

Frog Tympanic Membrane

senses vibrations

hearing

Frog External Nares

external openings of air passage

Frog Nicitating Membrane

covers and protects eyes

Frog Stomach

mechanical and chemical digestion of food

contains rugae

Frog Small Intestines

chemical digestion

nutrients absorbed

Frog Large Intestines

water absorption and fecal packing

Frog Spleen

regulates blood

functions in RBC destruction and formation

Frog Liver

3 lobes

makes bile

stores glycogen and nutrients

metabolizes fats and other compounds

Frog Gall Bladder

greenish sac

holds bile for enzymatic digestion

Frog Lungs

site of gas exchange

relativly small since most frogs can breathe through their skin

Frog Ovaries

female gonad

produce eggs and certian hormones

Frog Heart

three chambers: ventricle, left and right atrium

right atrium spiral valve helps keeps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing

circulates blood

Frog Kidney

elimination of wastes

regulation of internal enivorenment

under the intestines

Perch Pelvic Fin

paired

used in directional movement

Perch Pectoral Fin

paired

used in directional movement

Perch Ray (Soft) Dorsal Fin

used for stabilization

Perch (Homocercal) Caudal Fin

tail fin used for propulsion

Perch Anal Fin

used for stabilization

Perch Operculum

external bony shield for protection and serves as "bellows" to help pump water over gills

Perch Cloaca

a common chamber recieving the openings of the urinary, reproductive, and digestive tracts

Perch Lateral Line

Runs along the middle of each side of the fish

used to detect vibrations

Perch Nares

consist of both incurrent and excurrent aperatures

used in odor detection, not breathing

Perch Spiny Dorsal Fin

used for stabilization

Frog Fat Bodies

yellow

energy storage

help frog survive the winter

Red: Pig Urinary Bladder

recieves and stores urine from the kidneys

Pig Gall Bladder

greenish sac that holds bile for enzymatic digestion

Pig

Green: Heart: 2 ventricles pump, 2 atrium collect

Red: Lungs: site of gas exchange

Purple: Muscular Diaphragm: seperates cavities, aids in breathing

Black: Liver: males bile, stores glycogen and nutrients, metabolizes fats and other compounds

Pig Kidney

elimination of wastes

regulation of internal enivorenment

filters blood

under intestines

Pig Pancreas

secretion of digestive juices

insulin

under stomach

grainy

Pig

Purple: Stomach: mechanical and chemical digestion of food, contains rugae, under liver

Red: Small Intestines: chemical digestion and nutrients absorbed, contains villi which increase SA

Green: Large Intestines: water absorption and fecal packing, green

Pig Spleen

regulates blood, functions in RBC destruction and formation

Pig

Red: Thorasic Cavity: contains heart and lungs

Green: Abdominal Cavity: contains vital organs

connexts pharynx with stomach

short

regulates blood

functions in RBC destruction and formation

short

muscular constriction in the intestine

secretion of digestive juices

insulin

female gonad

produces eggs and certian hormones

elimination of wastes

regulation of internal enivorenment

Dermal Denticals

Placoid Scales of the shark

tough protective covering on skin that resembles tiny teeth

they have hydrodynamic properities that allow sharks to move with minimal resistance

exit for water that has passed through the gills after it has entered through the mouth

5-7 openings on both sides of the head

spiracle allows water to enter the gills when mouth is closed

Ctenoid Scales

scales on a perch

Tail fin

in males the pelvic fin is modified into claspers which are used to transfer sperm

Perch Stomach

Fundic Stomach: Larger and thinner than pyloric, continous with esophagus, digests

Pyloric Stomach: Muscular, leads into intestines with pyloric valve, digestion

Pig Testies

male gonads

produce sperm and certian hormones

grasping

on roof of mouth

chewing

on upper edge of jaw

secretion of digestive juices

insulin

male gonads

produce sperm and certian hormones

yellow, under fat bodies

common opening for urinary and reproductive systems

male: posterior to umbilical cord

female: ventral/anterior to anus

forms of the roof of the mouth

hard is anterior and soft posterior

air passage to lungs

cartidiligous rings

food passage to stomach

muscular wall

female gonads

produce eggs and certian hormones

fallopian tubes

female reproductive system

hormone secretions

adreniline fight or flight

stress hormones

growth hormones

Shark Pancreas

a flattened white gland that secretes digestive juices and insulin