Phylum chordata, subphylum vertebrata, class agnatha

lampray: parasidic and attach to fish

phylum arthropoda, class chilopoda

centipedes

phylum arthropoda, class diplopoda

millipedes

phylum annelidia, class oligochaeta

earthworms

phylum annelidia, class oligochaeta

leeches

phylum annelidia, class oligochaeta

polychaete worms

phylum platyhelminthes, class trematoda

flukes, mostly parasidic. ifect living things, liver, blood vessels, intestines. snail is the first host

phylum platyhelminthes, class cestoidea

tapeworms: parasidic in intestines. male and female on each segment, fertilized segment is released to host

phylum poriferia

aquatic, mostly marine, sponges

most primitive

larve are cilliated and free swiming, adult is sessile

multicellular but has no organs or tissues

has osculum

crystaline spicules / proteinaceous fivers forming internal sekelton

evolved from collared flagellates

some capture crustacians with sticky threads

Phylum mollusca, class bivalvia

clams, oysters, and muscles

Phylum mollusca, class gastropoda

snails and slugs

Phylum mollusca, class polyplacophora

chitons

Phylum mollusca, class cephalopoda

octopus, squid, natilus

most intelligent invertebrates

have good vision

phylum nematoda

round worms

most abundent animals

complete digestive tract

pseudocoelom

hookworms, pinworms, trichinella

phylum echinodermata, class holothuroidea

sea cucumbers

phylum echinodermata, class asteroidea

starfish

phylum echinodermata, class echinoidea

sand dollar

pore bearing

aquatic mostly marine sponges

most primitive

larve are cilliated and free swiming, adult is sessile

multicellular with no organs

has osculum

crystaline spicules / proteinaceous fivers form internal sekeleton

evolved from singled celled collared flagellates

some capture crustacians with sticky threads

aquatic

tissues distinct but not organs

adult has radial symmetry

have ecoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

have simple nerve network, no CNS

have cindocytes

hydroids, jellyfish, sea anemones, sea fans, sea pens, sea pansies, coral

larve swims to side, becomes polyp, medusae break off

on phylum cindaria

cells on tenticles that have nematocysts to capture prey and defend by injecting toxin

on phylum poriferia

opening with perforated sac for water to flow through that have flagella to beat the water through

flat worms

bilaterial symmetry

distinctive anterior and posterior end with sensory cells in the head

gastrovascular cavity with single opening

most have male and female organs

classes: turbellarians, monogena, trematoda, cestoidea

class under phylum platyhelminthes

non-parasidic

live in leaf litter

classes under phylum platyhelminthes

flukes

mostly parasidic

infect lungs, liver, blood vessels, intestines

snail is the first host

class under phylum platyhelminthes

tapeworms

parasidic in intestines

male and female on each segment, fertilized segment is released to host

round worms

most abundent animals

complete digestive tract

pseudocoelom

hookworms, pinworms, trichinella

under phylum nematoda

parasite,

infection caused by larvae

enter through the skin and migrate to the lungs

under phylum nematoda

common in kids on anus

under phylum nematoda

causes tricinosis from eating pork and bear

can move to muscles and CNS

snails, slugs, clams, oysters, squids, octopi

have central muscular foot to move, visceral mass to hold organs, and mantle which is a tissue covering visceral mass and secreting a shell

classes: polyplacophora, cephalopoda, gastropoda, bivalvia

class under phylum mollusca

chitons

class under phylum mollusca

oscopus, swuid, natilus

most intellegent invertebrates

good vision

class under phylum mollusca

snails and slugs

class under phylum mollusca

clams, oysters, and muscles

marine, fresh water, and soil worms

have segments that are manifested internally and externally

have developed circulatory, excretory, and nervous system

have fluid filled colem for hydrostatic skeleton and organs filled with coelomic fluid

classes: oligochaeta, hirudinea, polycheta

class under phylum annelidia

earthworms

class under phylum annelidia

leeches

parasites, polychete worm marine filter feeders

class under phylum annelidia

polychaete worms

leeches

parasites, polychete worm marine filter feeders

starfish, sea urchin, sand dollar, sea cucumber, brittle, star, sea lilly

adults have radial symmetry and larve bilaterial

most have internal skeleton of calcium plates

water vascular system extends tube feet in locomotion

closley related to chordata proven by development of clevages, anus from blastopore, mesodermal pouches, and coelom.

larve look like chordates

classes: asteroidea, echinoidea, holothuroidea

class under phylum echinodermata

starfish

class under phylum echinodermata

sand dollar

class under phylum echinodermata

sea cucumber

jointed apendages

largest phyla

jointed chitonous exoskeleton to attach muscles to and protect but needs to be shed to grow

classes: crustacea, insecta, archnida, diplopodia, chilopodia

class under phylum arthropoda

crayfish, lobsters, shrimp, crab, water fleas, carnacles, sow bugs, plankton

only arthropods with 2 antennae,

have 3 body regions: head thorax and abdomen or cephalothorax

class under phylum arthropoda

only invertebrates that can fly

have head thorax and abdomen

compound eyes

one pair of antennae

undergo incomplete (nymphs) or complete metamorphsis

has many orders

order under class insecta

dragonflies and damselflies

order under class insecta

true bugs

water bugs, stink bugs,

order under class insecta

beetles, ash boar, lady bug, stag beetle

order under class insecta

true flies, mosquito, fly

order under class insecta

butterfles, moths

order under class insecta

cricket, cockroach, grasshopper

order under class insecta

cicada, aphids, hopper

order under class insecta

parying mantis

order under class insecta

lace wing bugs

order under class insecta

earwigs

class under phylum arthropoda

spiders, ticks, mites, harvestmen, scorpion

2 regions: cephalothorax and abdomen

no antennae

simple eyes

6 pairs of apendages: 4 are legs, first are chelicerae and modified poison fangs

many have glands that secrete silk

sensitive to vibrations

class under phylum arthropoda

feed on decaying and organic matter

millipedes

some are toxic if eaten

2 pairs of legs per segment

cyllindrical

class under phylum arthropoda

centepedes

carnavrous

legs on first segment are posion claws

litobiid discharges silk

flattened

1 pair of legs per segment

cartlidigous supporting rods (notochord), pharyngeal gill slits, hollow nerve tube, post anal tial

sybphylums: urochordata, cephalochordata, vertebrata

subphylum under phylum chordata

turincates or seq squirts

adult is sessile and marine

larvae look like tadpoles and have notochord and dorsal hollow nerve tube

subphylum under phylum chordata

lancelates

spend most of time in sand with anterior exposed straining water for food in pharynx which has gills

some segmentation

subphylum under phylum chordata

have endoskeleton with backbone and vertebrae which develop around notochord

classes: agnathd, chondricthyes, acintopteryggi, amphibia, reptilia, aves, mammals

class under subphylum vertebrata and phylum chordata

jawless fish (lamprays and hagfish)

fasping toune with round mouth with teeth

cartlidgious endoskeketon

parasidic and attach to fish

class agnatha, subphylum vertebrata, phylum chordata

class agnatha, subphylum vertebrata, phylum chordata

bottom dwelling scavengers and feed on worm and dead and diseased fish

class under subphylum vertebrata, phylum chordata

sharks, skates, rays

cartlidgous skeletons

high urea gives osmotic concentrations higher than sea water

most are carniverous, the largest eat plankton

very good black and white vision

good olfaction

detect electric fields from muscle contractions

class under subphylum vertebrata, phylum chordata

bony / ray finned fish

largest group of vertebrates

class under subphylum vertebrata, phylum chordata

salamanders, frogs, toads, caecilians

early ife is in water with gills as larvale tadpoles

some adults stay in water their whole life

some adults only respirate through their skin

evolved from lobed finned fish

the first tetrapods

paedomorph: retaining some juvenile form

class under subphylum vertebrata, phylum chordata

evolved from amphibians

snakes, turtles, lizards, crockadiles

dominent in mezoic era

shell developed around egg which has lots of yolk

developed embryonic membrane (amnion)

developed waterproof skin decreasing water loss

ectotherms

oviparous, ovoviviparous, viviparous

class under subphylum vertebrata, phylum chordata

hollow bones and toothless jaws for flight lightness

ectotherms

dinural (active all day)

have feathers for warmpth when they used to be endothermic

class under subphylum vertebrata, phylum chordata

evolved from reptiles

monotherms and primates

have mammary glands and hair

endotherms

most are noctournal so they dont have color vision unless active in the day

most primitive mammals

echnidans and platypus

lay eggs

microscope part

2-4 are mounted on a rotating piece and have a power

microscope part

eyepiece

has an ocular lens with a 10x magnification

microscope part

moves the microscopes body by large increments

never use with the 44x objective

1. ask a question about and observation

2. do background research

3. construct a hyopthesis that must be falsiable, measurable

4. test hypothesis with experimentation fairly by only changing one factor at a time and repeat experiments

5. analize data and draw comclusions. if hypothesis is false construct a new one and start over, if true test again in a new way

6. communicate results by publishing or presenting

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