Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Biology Final Vocabulary
Final Exam Review- Vocab
44
Biology
Undergraduate 1
04/24/2012

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Hydrophobic
Definition
The compound cannot dissolve in water (fats, oils)
Term
Hydrophilic
Definition
The compound is able to dissolve in water (salt, sugar)
Term
Acid
Definition
A substance that releases protons (H+) in water
Term
Base
Definition

Substance that releases hydroxide ions

(OH-) in water

Term
Catabolic
Definition
Catabolism seen in metabolism (sum of reactions)
Decomposition (breaking something down)
Term
Anabolic
Definition
Anabolism seen in metabolism
Synthesis (building something)
Term
Denatured
Definition
A change in the shape of a protein, usually causing loss of function
Caused by changes in proteins environment (pH or temperature)
Term
Enzyme
Definition
Molecules that catalyze reactions in living cells
Most are proteins
Term
Prokaryote
Definition
Archae and Bacteria made up of these, type of cell that does not have a nucleus, before nucleus
Term
Eukaryote
Definition
Domain Eukarya made up of these, cells with nucleus (Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia)
Term
Diffusion
Definition
Movement of molecules from high to low concentration (down the concentration gradient)
Term
Osmosis
Definition
Passive transport of water accross a membrane
Term
Autotrophic
Definition
Are able to produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis (plants)
Term
Heterotrophic
Definition
Live on organic compound produced by other organisms
Term
ATP
Definition
Adenisine Tri-Phosphate
The molecule that transfers energy (energy from exergonic reactions in cells that is used to fuel endergonic reactions)
Lots of potential energy in phosphate bonds because it takes a lot to hold them together so when they're broken down lots of energy is released
Term
Aerobic
Definition
Occurs in cellular respiration, at the end of the ETC an electron is given to an Oxygen, uses Oxygen
Term
Anaerobic
Definition
Respiration without th euse of Oxygen, uses inorganic materials (other than Oxygen) as the final electron acceptor
Term
Rubisco
Definition

Enzyme that "fixes" CO2 from the air for the Calvin cycle

Most abundant enzyme in the world

Term
Asexual
Definition
Mitosis, Daughter cells are identical copies of mother cell (clones), Occurs in all organisms
Term
Sexual
Definition
Meiosis, Daughter cells are not identical copies of mother cell, only in Eukaryotes
Term
Diploid
Definition
Two sets of chromosomes (in a cell), 2n
Term
Haploid
Definition
One set of chromosomes (in a cell)
Term
Genotype
Definition
The genetic makeup of the plant, its alleles (ex. Rr)
Term
Phenotype
Definition
What you see in the plant, its traits, ex. Purple in flower color
Term
Homozygous
Definition
Same allele, either homozygous dominant (RR) or homozygous recessive (rr)
Term
Heterozygous
Definition
Different allele (ex. Rr)
Term
Genetic Diversity
Definition
Essential for a population to survive
Term
DNA
Definition
Complementary (A with T, G with C), Anti-parallel (runs from 5' to 3'- read and synthesized only in that direction)
Term
RNA
Definition
Ribonucleic acid, single stranded, transfers info from DNA to protein-synthesizing systems to create proteins
Term
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Definition
Biotechnology, allows researchers to make billions of copies of a specific DNA sequence or gene in just a few hours
Term
Restriction Enzymes
Definition
Naturally found in bacteria, they destroy foreign DNA molecules that invade the bacterial cell, they cleave the foreign DNA molecules at specific sites
Term
Plasmid
Definition
A vector that can transfer a gene from one organism to another, small circular piece of DNA found in bacteria that is used to pass on beneficial genes
Term
Gel Electrophoresis
Definition
Seperates DNA fragments that have been digested by a restriction enzyme based on their size
Term
Transgenic
Definition
An organism that has had genes from another organism put into its genome through recombinant DNA techniques (ecoli that glows because it has had jelly fish DNA combined with its DNA)
Term
Adaptation
Definition
Accumulation of favorable traits in a population over time making it better suited for its environment, changes in response to environment
Term
Best Fit
Definition
Individuals with heritable traits that are best suited for their environment causing them to be more likely to survive and reproduce, what organism works the best within the environment
Term
Evolution
Definition
Descent with modification
Term
Population
Definition
A group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time, could grow exponentially but are limited by environmental resources
Term
Malnutrition
Definition
Lacking one or more essential elements (at least 2 billion people are malnourished)
Term
Poverty
Definition
Almost half of the world's population are living in poverty
Term
Biodiversity
Definition
The variety within and among living species
Term
Keystone Species
Definition
Once removed from an ecosystem they cause a cascade of changes/affects on the ecosystem
Term
Renewable Resource
Definition
Wind, solar, moving water, plant and animal biomass (ethanol, biodiesel, methane reuse)
Term
Carrying Capacity
Definition
The maximum number of individuals that can be supported indefinitely in a given environment
Supporting users have an ad free experience!