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Biology End-of Course pt2
Words 51-114 (back of list)
25
Biology
10th Grade
02/03/2012

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Term
Punnett Square
Definition
Diagram used to predict the probability of genetic traits
Term
Phenotype
Definition
The physical description of a trait. EX tall, blue eyes, freckles
Term
Allele
Definition
One of a number of forms of a gene
Term
Dominant gene
Definition
The form of the gene that is expressed when at least one allele is present. Typically written as a capital letter
Term
Homozygous
Definition
Two identical alleles. EX BB, TT, bb
Term
Genotype
Definition
The genetic makeup of an organism
Term
Monohybrid
Definition
Genetic crossed of only one trait
Term
Recessive Gene
Definition
The form of the gene that is only expressed if no dominant alleles are present. Typically written a two lower case letters, ie bb, tt, hh
Term
Heterozygous
Definition
Two different alleles are in the genotype. EX Hh, Bb, Ff
Term
Probability
Definition
The chance of a specific event occuring
Term
Meiosis
Definition
Process by which diploid cells reduce their chromosomes by half to become haploid. Only occurs in gametes
Term
Pedigree
Definition
Chart that traces the presence or absence of a trait according to family relationships
Term
Sex-linked inheritance
Definition
Traits that are passed on through the sex chromosomes. Most sex-linked traits are found on the X chromosome
Term
Karyotype
Definition
Picture of diploid pairs of chromosomes arranged from the largest to the smallest.
Term
Autosome
Definition
All of the chromosomes except the sex chromosomes
Term
Genome
Definition
Entire set of genetic information that an organism carries in its DNA
Term
Sex chromosome
Definition
Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual. Males are XY, females are XX
Term
Restriction enzyme
Definition
Enzyme that allows DNA to be cut into fragments at a specific nucleotide
Term
PCR
Definition
Polymerase chain reaction- technique that allows for duplication of a particular gene
Term
Genetic engineering
Definition
Manipulating genetic information to improve/alter organisms
Term
Gel Electrophoresis
Definition
Process by which DNA fragments are separated and used to ID genetic markers. Smaller fragments move more than larger fragments
Term
Recombinant DNA
Definition
Technique that takes the DNA from one organism and combines it with the DNA of another organims
Term
Cloning
Definition
Creation of an genetically identical offspring from an adult cell EX Dolly the Sheep
Term
Genomics
Definition
The study of the genome
Term
DNA fingerprinting
Definition
Tool used by scientists identify an individual's DNA
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