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Biology Chapter 2 Vocabulary Words
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38
Biology
10th Grade
09/19/2011

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Term
Atom
Definition
Basic unit of matter.
Term
Nucleus
Definition
The center of the atom which contains the protons in neutrons.
Term
Electron
Definition
Negatively charged particle; located outside the atomic nucleus.
Term
Isotope
Definition
Atom of an element that has a number of neutrons different from that of other atoms of the same elements.
Term
Compound
Definition
Substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportians.
Term
Ionic Bonds
Definition
Bond(s) formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
Term
Ion
Definition
Atom that has a positive or negative charge.
Term
Covalent Bond
Definition
Bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.
Term
Molecule
Definition
Smallest unit of most compounds.
Term
Carbohydrate
Definition
Compound made up of carbon hydrogen and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body.
Term
Cohesion
Definition
Attraction between molecules of the same substance.
Term
Adhesion
Definition
Attraction between molecules of different substances; in plants, attraction between unlike molecules.
Term
Mixture
Definition
Material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are phisically mixed together but not chemically combined.
Term
Solution
Definition
Mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed.
Term
Solute
Definition
Substance that is disolved in a solvent to make a solution.
Term
Solvent
Definition
Substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution.
Term
Suspension
Definition
Mixture or water and nondissolved materials.
Term
pH Scale
Definition
Measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution: ranges from 0 to 14.
Term
Acid
Definition
Compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution.
Term
Base
Definition
Compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH+) in solution.
Term
Buffer
Definition
Weak acid or base that can react with strong acids or bases to help prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH.
Term
Monomer
Definition
Small unit of most compounds.
Term
Polymer
Definition
Large compound formed from combinations of many monomers.
Term
Monosaccharide
Definition
Single sugar molecule.
Term
Polysaccharide
Definition
Large macromolecule formed from monosacharides.
Term
Lipid
Definition
Macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes.
Term
Nucleic Acid
Definition
Macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus.
Term
RNA
Definition
Single-stranded nucleic acid tthat contains the sugar ribose.
Term
DNA
Definition
Nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxribose.
Term
Protein
Definition
Macromolecule that contains carbon hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen: needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes.
Term
Amino Acid
Definition
Compound with an amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end.
Term
Chemical Reaction
Definition
Process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals.
Term
Reactant
Definition
Element or compound that enters into a chemical reaction.
Term
Product
Definition
Element or compound produced by a chemical reaction.
Term
Activation Energy
Definition
Energy needed to get a reaction started.
Term
Catalyst
Definition
Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.
Term
Enzyme
Definition
Protein that acts as a biological catalyst.
Term
Substrate
Definition
Reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed.
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