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biology ch.6-7
biology vocab.
34
Biology
10th Grade
10/11/2009

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Term
gamete
Definition
an organism's reproductive cells, such as sperm or egg cells.
Term
binary fission
Definition
a form of asexual reproduction that produces identical offspring.
Term
gene
Definition
a segment of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA molecule.
Term
chromosomes
Definition
the DNA and the proteins associated with DNA,become visible.
Term
chromatids
Definition
the two exact copies of DNA that make up each chromosome.
Term
centromere
Definition
the two chromatids of a chromosome are attached at a point called a centromere.
Term
homologous chromosomes
Definition
chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and genetic content.
Term
diploid
Definition
a cell, such as a somatic cell, contains two set of chromosomes.
Term
hapliod
Definition
a cell, such as a gamete, contains one set of chromosomes.
Term
zygote
Definition
a fertilized egg cell, the first cell of a new individual.
Term
Autosomes
Definition
chromosomes that are not directly involved in determining the sex of an individual.
Term
sex chromosomes
Definition
one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans, contain genes that will determine the sex of a individual
Term
karyotype
Definition
a photo of the chromosomes in a dividing cell that shows the chromosomes arranged by size.
Term
cell cycle
Definition
a repeating sequence of cellular growth and division during the life of an organism.
Term
interphase
Definition
The cell cycle stage between nuclear divisions, when chromosomes are extended and functionally active. The metabolically active non-dividing stage of the cell cycle.
Term
mitosis
Definition
the process during cell division in which the nucleus of a cell is divided into two nuclei.
Term
cytokinesis
Definition
the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm divides.
Term
cancer
Definition
the uncontrolled growth of cells.
Term
spindel
Definition
cell structures made up of both centrioles and individual microtubule fibers that are involved in moving chromosomes during cell division.
Term
meiosis
Definition
a form of cell division that halves the number of chromosomes when forming specialized reproductive cells, such as gametes or spores.
Term
crossing-over
Definition
portions of a chromatid on one homologous chromosome are broken and exchanged with the corresponding chromatid portions of the other homologous chromosome.
Term
independent assortment
Definition
In meiosis, the random assortment of the alleles at two or more loci because they are on different chromosome pairs or far apart on the same chromosome pair.
Term
sprematogenesis
Definition
the process by which sperm are produced in male animals.
Term
sperm
Definition
cells that change in form and develop a tail to become male gametes.
Term
oogenesis
Definition
the process by which gametes are produced in female animals.
Term
ovum
Definition
a cell that develops into a gamete or more commonly ,egg.
Term
asexual reproduction
Definition
a single parent passes copies of all of its genes to each of its offspring.
Term
clone
Definition
an organism that is genetically identical to it's parent.
Term
sexual reproduction
Definition
two parents each form reproductive cells that have one-half the number of chromosomes.
Term
life cycle
Definition
the entire span in the life of an organism from one generation to the next.
Term
fertilization
Definition
the gametes(sperm and egg cells) join .
Term
sporophyte
Definition
the diploid phase in the life cycle that produces spores.
Term
spore
Definition
a haploid reproductive cell produced by meiosis that is capable of developing into an adult without fusing with another cell.
Term
gametophyte
Definition
the haploid phase that produces gametes by mitosis.
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