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Biology 2220 Chapter 9 Northwestern State University
Dr Darvish Chaper 9
23
Biology
Undergraduate 1
11/07/2009

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Term
What are Joints?
Definition
They are the connectionn between two bones. Joints Permit effective movement.
Term
Where are joints found
Definition
Shoulder, Elbow, Knee, Vertebral column
Term
what are the four categories of joints?
Definition
Bony joints, fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, synovial joints.
Term
Define bony joints
Definition
It is immovable. It is two bones ossified together, Involves fusion of fibrous or cartilaginous joints.
Term
Give examples of Bony joints
Definition
Mandibular bones, cranial sutures epiphyses with diapyses first rib to sternum
Term
Define Fibrous joints
Definition
They are also called synarthorsis or snyarthrodial joint. they are adjacent to bones that are bound by collagen fibers. they provide little to no movement.
Term
There are three types of Fibrous joints. name them
Definition
Suture, Gomphoses, Syndesmoses
Term
(fibrous joint) Suture contains
Definition
Immobile joints, skull bones, classifications
Term
(fibrous joints) Gomphoses does what
Definition
The attachment of a tooth to its socket, tooth is heald firmly in place by periodontal ligament. Periodontal ligament allows the tooth to move due to stress of chewing.
Term
(Fibrous joint) Syndesmoses involves what
Definition
Long collagen fibers bind two bones, limited mobility, ulna-radius and tibia-fibula, interosseous membrane.
Term
define Cartilaginous joints
Definition
also called amphiarthorsis or amphiarthrodial joints, means two bones linked by cartilage.
Term
there are 2 types of cartilaginous joints. what are they
Definition
Synchodroses, symphysis
Term
(cartilaginous joints) Synchondroses involves what
Definition
Hyaline cartilage, epiphygeal plate, attaches first rib to sternum.
Term
(cartilaginous joint) Symphysis involves
Definition
Fibrocartilage, intervertebra discs, permits slight movement between.
Term
define Synovial joints
Definition
Also called diarthrosis or diarthrodial joints, freely moveable to limited mobility, most structurally complex, moset likely to develop uncomfortable or crippling dysfunctions.
Term
Arthritis
Definition
Inflammation of joint, the most common crippling disorder in USA
Term
Osteoarthritis
Definition
wear and tear arthritis, normal consequence of years of wear on joints, affects 85% of people over age 70
Term
Autoimmune disease, attacks the synovial membrane. Ossification of degenerated cartilage
Definition
Rheumatoid arthritis
Term
What is the study of joint structure, function and dysfunction
Definition
Arthrology
Term
What is the study of musculoskeletal movement
Definition
Kinesiology
Term
define Biomechanics
Definition
Variety of movements and mechanical processes in the body, including the physics of blood circulation, respiration and healing
Term
Arthroplasty
Definition
Replacement of diseased joint with artificial device
Term
THR
Definition
Total hip replacement, first performed 1963, most common procedure for elderly
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