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Biology 168
Chapter 6 Flashcards
16
Biology
Undergraduate 1
06/01/2013

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Term
Functions of the skeletal system:
Definition
Storage of minerals
Support
Blood Cell Production
Leverage
Term
What is a Foramen (skull surface feature)?
Definition
small rounded passageway
Term
Define surface feature.
Definition
a characteristic of a bone's surface that has a certain function, such as forming a joint, or allowing the passage of nerves and blood vessels.
Term
Compare a tubercle to a tuberosity.
Definition
A tubercle is a small, rounded projection on a bone, whereas a tuberosity is a small, rough projection that may occupy a broad area on the bone's surface.
Term
What are the major parts of a long bone?
Definition
the epiphysis, diaphysis, metaphysis, and medullary cavity.
Term
What is the function of the medullary cavity?
Definition
The medullary cavity is the space within a bone. It contains the red bone marrow, and the yellow bone marrow, adipose tissue.
Term
If the articular cartliage is avascular, how is it nourished?
Definition
by diffusion from the synovial fluid within the joint.
Term
If osteclast activity exceeds osteblasts activity in a bone, what is the effect on the bone?
Definition
The bone's mineral content would decline, making it weaker.
Term
Osten
Definition
is the basic functional unit of mature compact bone, it consists of ostecytes organized around a central canal and is separated by concentric lamellae.
Term
Appositional growth
Definition
is the enlargement of a bone by the addition of bone matrix at its surface.
Term
Endochondral ossification
Definition
is the replacement of a cartilaginous model to bone.
Term
Intramembranous ossification
Definition
is the formation of bone within connective tissue without the prior development of a cartilaginous model.
Term
Marfan syndrome
Definition
is a hereditary disorder of connective tissue, resulting in abnormally long and thin limbs and digits.
Term
How are gigantism and acromegaly different?
Definition
Gigantism results from overproduction of growth hormone before puberty. Acromegaly results from overproduction after puberty.
Term
How does calcitonin lower the calcium ion concentration of blood?
Definition
Calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity and increasing the rate of calcium excretion at the kidneys.
Term
Open fracture
Definition
also called a compound fracture is a break in the bone in which bone pierces the skin.
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