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Lipids and DNA
May 15 Class 5
45
Biology
Undergraduate 2
05/15/2015

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Cards

Term
What is a homodiomer?
Definition
Two quaternary structures that are the same interacting
Term
What is a heterodimer?
Definition
A quaternary structure that has different proteins interacting
Term
What causes an alpha helix versus the beta sheet?
Definition
The array that it is comprised, the side chains, hydrophobic vs hydrophilic
Term
Will glycene form an alpha helix?
Definition
No it will destablize the helix
Term
Will the proline form an alpha helix?
Definition
No it will break the helix
Term
What is a polypeptide?
Definition
A chain of amino acids
Term
How are lipids grouped?
Definition
size and hydrophobic
Term
What do the fats (lipid) do?
Definition

Storage

Structure

Term
What is triacylglycerol?
Definition
three fatty acids linked to glycerol by dehydration reactions that priduce ester likages
Term
Are fats saturated or unsaturated?
Definition
Both
Term
Describe saturated (with hydrogen)
Definition

no double bonds

solid at room temperature-no double bond

Term
Describe unsaturated (with hydrogen)
Definition

at least one double bond

liquid at room temperature - cis double bond causes bending

Term
Why are saturated usually solid a RT vs unsturated having liquid at RT?
Definition

A packing phenomenon

solid=tightly packed molecules

liquid=loosely packed molecules

Term
What is a trans fats?
Definition

fats not normally found in biological systems

more likely to form a solid at room temperature

Term
How are transfats formed?
Definition

An unsaturated fat tries to turn into a saturated fat. Sometimes science doesn't science and creates transfats on the side-produced during hydrogenation of unsaturation of fats

Transfat=trans isomer

cisfat-cis isomer

Term
Are transfats found in biological systems?
Definition

No, they are not normally found inbiological systems

Produced during hydrogenation of unsaturated fats

Increases shelf life, less 'grease'

decrease shelf life of heart(we cant process this naturally)

Term
What is a phospholipid?
Definition
similar to structure of fat except one of the fatty acids is substituted by a phosphate used to bridge to othe small (or even large compounds)
Term
Is a phospholipid hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
Definition
both, the head is philic and tail is phobic
Term
What is the behavior of phospholipids?
Definition
Hydrophobic interacts with hydrophobic, hydrophillic with hydrophilic
Term
What is a micelle?
Definition

Hydrophobic tails pointing inward

Hydrophilic heads pointing outward

like a ball

Term
What is a bilayer sheet?
Definition

phobic pointing in

philic pointing out

like a sheet

Term
What is a liposome?
Definition

Philic pointing in

phobic pointing out

phobic pointing in

philic pointing out

looks like an eyeball

Term
What are predominant components of cell membranes?
Definition
phospholipids
Term
What is targeting?
Definition
attachment of lipid to a protein will target that protein to the membrane
Term
What is an example of lipids in signaling?
Definition
steroids-cholesterol
Term
What are steroids comprised of?
Definition

four fused carbon rings-made by bending fatty acids and cross-linking them with covalent bonds

amphipathetic

cell memrane component

Term
How are steroid hormones used?
Definition

as signaling molecules

hydrophilic to be soluble in water

hydrophobic enough to cross membrane

Term
What are nucleic acids comprised of?
Definition
C, H, N, O, Phosphorus
Term
What are nucleic acids monomer?
Definition
nucleotide
Term
What are nucleic acid polymer?
Definition
DNA. RNA
Term
What are nucleic acids function?
Definition

Storage and transmission of information

some enzymatic functions related to these tasks

Term
What is a nucleotide made of?
Definition

Nitrogenous base

Sugar (pentose)

Phosphate group

Term
What are polynucleotides comprised of?
Definition
sugars linked via phosphodiester bonds linking 3' hydroxyl of one nucleotide sugar to 5' phosphate of other
Term
Are there variations in bases and sugar within nucleic acids?
Definition
Yes, some are compound-specific
Term
What are the Nitrogenous bases in DNA?
Definition

Cytosine

Adenine

Guanine

Thymine

Term
What are the nitrogenous bases in the RNA?
Definition

Cytosine

Adenine

Guanine

Uracil

Term
What is the sugar in DNA?
Definition
Deoxyribose
Term
What is the sugar in RNA?
Definition
Ribose
Term
What are the two purines?
Definition

Adenine

Guanines

Term
What are the two pyrimidines in DNA and RNA?
Definition

Cytosine (both)

Thymine (DNA)

Uracil (RNA)

Term
What are the pyrimidines?
Definition
One ring
Cytosine, Thymine(DNA), Uracil(RNA)
Term
What are purines?
Definition
two rings
Adenine and Guanine
Term
What are the structures of DNA and TRNA?
Definition

nitrogenous bases form specific pairing interactions via hydrogen bonding

Forms double helix

Two chains (or regions of chains)

antiparallel

Term
What are the 4 functions of Lipids?
Definition
Storage
Structure
Signaling
Targeting
Term
How do phospholipids separate inside form outside?
Definition
Using a hydrophobic barrier
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