Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Introduction/Hydrophobicity
May 11 Class 1
60
Biology
Undergraduate 2
05/11/2015

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Organisms interact with each other and the environment

True or False

Definition
True
Term
Energy is always moving ____ living systems
Definition
through
Term
Life involves ____ and ___ of energy
Definition
transfer, transformation
Term
Is light the sole source of energy on this planet?
Definition
No. Deep sea animals don't need sun to live.
Term
Are structure and function correlated?
Definition
yes
Term
Biological systems are regulated by ____
Definition
feedback
Term
What is feedback?
Definition
Everything that happens talks to everything else, communication occurs throughout the whole system
Term
What is negative feedback?
Definition
turning off the response/ down
Term
What is positive feedback?
Definition
Turning system up/ making more of something
Term
What are the fundamental divisions in the biological world? (domains of life)
Definition

Prokaryotes) 

bacteria

archaea

 

Eukaryotes)

eukarya

Term
Why are different domains important?
Definition
helps keep track of the different functions of each different cell
Term
What are two things that every form of life should carry out?
Definition
reproduction, providing food
Term
What separates bacteria and archaea?
Definition
the biochemistry, how they get things done on a molecular level
Term
What does archaea do that separates it from bacteria and eukarya?
Definition
they take dna from other organisms
Term
Life has evolved in ____ that share characteristics due to  _____ descent
Definition
hierarchies, common
Term
Why are darwinians finches important?
Definition
They give an example on how life has evolved in hieracrchies and how all of the finches share a least common ancestor
Term
distantly related branches share what two things?
Definition
common structures and biochemical mechanisms
Term
How are paramecium and windpipe cells similar?
Definition
They both have cilia, there are commonality even though the heirachies are different
Term
What is the basic unit of life?
Definition
the cell
Term
What must you understand first before you understand a whole organisms?
Definition
the cell
Term
What are prokaryotes?
Definition
unicellular
Term
What are eukaryotes?
Definition
multicellular
Term
DNA store what?
Definition
instructions for life
Term
What does DNA do on a molecular level?
Definition
dictates the sequence of proteins
Term
What does DNA drive?
Definition
the production of proteins
Term
What is cellular differention?
Definition
The cells in your body comprise of the same dna but different functions
Term
What are the biological molecules that have distict characters based on?
Definition
based on the chemistry of their constituent atoms
Term
What are orbitals?
Definition
location around the nucleus where the atom is likely to be found
Term
What does the arrangement of electron in the constituent atom affect?
Definition
shape and charge distrubution of molecules
Term
What are oxygen characteristics
Definition

more electro negatic

non-linear

partial negatice charge

Term
What is carbon characterstics?
Definition
nonpolar
Term
Is water a polar molecule? Why?
Definition

yes

tetrahedral orbitals, two occupied by unbound electrons

molecule is non-linear

oxygen is highly electronegative

Term
What does oxygen do since it is highly electronegative?
Definition
draws electrons to it
Term
Polarity of water causes?
Definition

it to be sticky

uses hydrogen bonds

 

Term
Water is considered a ___ solvent
Definition
versatile solvent
Term
Water is coheisive meaning these two thing occur
Definition

adhesion

surface tension

Term
What are two things that make water wresistanct to changes in tempurature?
Definition

breaking of hydrogen bonds

sweat--transfer of energy

Term
How many valence electron do carbon, oxygen and nitrogen have?
Definition

C-4

O-2

N-3

Term
Is nitrogen polar or nonpolar?
Definition
polar
Term
Are sulfer and phosphorus polor or nonpolor?
Definition
polor
Term
What is hydrophilic?
Definition

water loving

polar or ionc (charged, or partially charged)

Term
What is hydrophobic?
Definition

water fearing

non-polar, uncharged

Term
What parts of a molecule are likely to be hydrophobic?
Definition
those that contain alot of carbon
Term
Hydrophilic compinds interact with these two things
Definition
water and each other
Term
Hydrophobic compounds interact with each other because...
Definition
they are trying to get away from hydrophillic aka water
Term
What will hapen if you wring out a washcloth in space?
Definition
It will migrate up your hands
Term
What does a washcloth in space have to do with biology? ( biological consequences)
Definition

underlies interationss within biomolecules

dictates interactions between and among biomolecules (allows barries and compartmentaliztion)

Term
What is a channel protein?
Definition
allows pathways throught they hydrophobic membrane
Term
What is a hydrocarbon?
Definition
Made up of only hydrogen and carbon
Provides energy storage and cellular structure
Term
What are the isomers that hydrocarbons can create?
Definition
Structural isomer
Cis-trans isomer
Enantiomers
Term
What are some structures of hydrocarbons?
Definition
Length
Branching
Double bond position
Presence of rings
Term
What is a structural isomer?
Definition
Structures that have the same chemical formula, but different shapes
Term
What is a cis-trans isomer?
Definition
cis isomer: two x's are on the same side
trans isomer: two x's are on opposite sides
Term
What is an Enantiomer?
Definition
Mirror image isomers. They can haver dramatic effects on the behavior of a compound
Term
How is the diversity of carbon structures expanded?
Definition
by the attachments of functional groups
Term
What is a functional group?
Definition
Individual chemical components of molecules that have special effects, when added or removes, they alter how a molecule behaves
Term
Describe the carbon functional group
Definition
Non-polar
hydrophobic
mask charge
make compound more lipid soluble
Term
What are three oxygen functional groups?
Definition
Hydroxyl group
carbonyl group
carboxyl group
Term
What are other functional groups that don't include the carbon and oxygen functional groups?
Definition
Amino group
Sulfhydryl group
Phosphate group
Term
What are some effects of adding functional groups?
Definition
• shape (binding/marking)
• charge/polarity (binding/hydrophobicity)
• electron distribution (stability, pH)
• energy storage in bonds
Supporting users have an ad free experience!