Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Biology 106 Unit IV
Phylums, Plants, and Animals
213
Biology
Undergraduate 3
12/01/2011

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Non-vascular Gametophyte
Definition
Dominant generation of non-vascular plants
Term
Non-vascular Sporophyte
Definition
Dependent on and attached to the gametophyte (2n) generation
Term
Characteristics of nonascular tissue
Definition
Typically none to very little amount of vascular tissue in these plants; reasons why they are so small
Term

What are the 3 phylums of non-vascular plants?

 

Definition
Lierworts, Hornworts, and Mosses
Term
What's the phylum of mosses?
Definition
Phylum Bryophyta
Term
What happens to the diploid gametophyte generation after they are fully matured?
Definition
Meiosis
Term
Meiosis forms what nonvascular developmental structure?
Definition
Gametophytes
Term
What are the male and female parts of the gametophytes in nonvascular plants?
Definition
Antheridium and Archegonium
Term
What process do the gametophytes of nonvascular plants undergo and what is the result?
Definition
They undergo fertilization which results in a zygote
Term
What type of plant has a diploid stalk structure with a haploid gametophyte structure directly attached beneath it?
Definition
Nonvascular plants
Term
Do sporophytes of nonvascular plants undergo photosynthesis?
Definition
No
Term
Why are gametophytes of nonvascular plants small? (2 reasons)
Definition

1)They have no vascular tissue

 

2) sperm must have water droplets to carry them to the archegonium

Term
Why must sporophytes of non-vascular plants stay small?
Definition
They are dependent on the gametophytes which are small
Term
What is the dominant generation of seedless vascular plants?
Definition
Sporophyte generation
Term
How do the dominant generations of non-vascular plants and seedless vascular plants differ in dominant generations?
Definition
Seedless vascular plant dominant generation are sporophytes while the gametophytes are the dominant generation of the non-vascular plants
Term
What are characteristics of seedless vascular gametophytes?
Definition
small, free living; and most photosynthetic
Term
What is the common example of the lifecycle of a seedless vascular plant?
Definition
Ferns
Term
What are the gametophytes of the seedless vascular plants known as?
Definition
Antheridium and Archegonium (same as non-vascular)
Term
What is the diploid 2n generation of the seedless vascular plants?
Definition
Sporophyte
Term
What are the reproductive structures on the underside of ferns known as?
Definition
Sori
Term
What are sori of seedless vascular plants filled with?
Definition
Sporangia
Term
What's the structure that covers the sorus and protects it?
Definition
Indusium
Term
What are the sori (plural) on the bottom of ferns filled with and what do they undergo before being dispersed?
Definition
Filled with spores and they underwent meiosis to form a haploid (n) stage
Term
What is the leaf of the fern called?
Definition
Frond
Term
What is the stem of the fern called?
Definition
Petiole
Term
What is the underground stem, characteristic to seedless non vascular plants, known as?
Definition
Rhizomes
Term
What are little branches coming from rhizomes known as?
Definition
Roots
Term
What are the two phyla of seedless vascular plants?
Definition

Phylum Lycopodiophyta--

Look like christmas trees

 

Phylum Pteridophyta--

Ferns

Term

What are the three types of Pteridophytes?

 

 

Definition

1) Ferns

 

2)Horse Tails

 

3) Whisk Ferns

Term
What are the characteristics of horsetails?
Definition

Spores are produced in cone structures

 

Leaves are highly reduced Euphylls,

 

Jointed stems that are green and photosynthetic

Term
Where are the spores produced in whisk ferns?
Definition
Sporangia
Term
Characteristic of Whisk Ferns
Definition
no leaes or roots, all stems branch dichotomously
Term
What are the specialized organs and tissues of seedless vascular plants and what do they do?
Definition

Stems- support

 

Roots- anchor and carry nutrients

 

Leaves- photosynthesis

Term
What are the leaves of seedless vascular plants and how are they different?
Definition

1) Lycophyl- single veined

 

2) Euphyll- branched vascular system

Term

Describe the process of how leaves originated

 

(3 steps)

Definition

1) Began with a dominating branch system

 

2) Branch system flattened out on a single plain

 

3) Photosynthetic tissue filled the spaces in between branches of of the newly flattened plain

Term
What are the two tissue types of vascular tissue?
Definition

1) Xylem-the wood of the plant that is one of two transport tissue of the plant. Transports water and nutrients in plant.

 

2) Phloem-inner most layer of bark; primarily transports sucrose (photosynthetic sugar)

Term
Phloem
Definition
Living tissue that carries photosynthetic sugars (sucrose) through the plant
Term
What are adaptions that seedless vascular plants made for water conservation and water management? (2)
Definition

-Waxy Cuticle- non living coating that protects plant from drying out

 

-Stromata-pores present so that oxygen and H20 can circulate in and out of the leaves

Term
What are the most anctient land plants?
Definition
500-400 mya, small and soft bodied liverwarts
Term
What was the KT event?
Definition
Asteroid struck the planet, threw up dust, blocked sunlight, and decreased the temperature of the earth. It got so cold that many plants and animals went extinct. This allowed for niches to open up.
Term
What period was the KT event in?
Definition
Cretacious and Tertiary (65 million years ago)
Term
What are some ecological effects of ancient vascular plants?
Definition

-Reduced CO2 levels and increased O2 levels

 

-Greatly increased the size of insects because 02 passively flows in their bodies. They grew smaller due to the decrease in O2 over the years

Term
What's homospory?
Definition
All spores are the same size or essentially identical. 1 type of spore produced by plant.
Term
Heterospory?
Definition
Production of 2 different types of spores.
Term
What are the two types of spores developed by heterosporous seed plants?
Definition

Megaspores-Few produced in plant

 

Microspores- Many produced; found in the sporangia

Term
Microsporocyte?
Definition

-Formed within the microspores after meiosis

 

-These are the male gametophytes

 

Term
Megasporophyte?
Definition

-These are formed after meiosis within the megaspore

 

-These are female gametophytes

Term
What is the process of microspores and megaspores in seeded plants?
Definition
Megaspores/Microspores--Meiosis--Megasporocyte/Microsporocyte--Mitosis--Megaspores/Microspores
Term
Characteristics of Seed Plants
Definition

-Heterosporous (micro/mega spores)

 

-Sporophyte is dominant generation

 

Male and female gametophytes are highly reduced

Term
What are the immature male gametophytes known as?
Definition
Pollen Grains
Term
Pollen grain releases from a sporophyte to ..
Definition
Grow tubes and deelop sperm
Term
What are characteristics of the memale gametophytes of seeded plants?
Definition
Female gametophytes develop within ovules and remain attached to the sporophyte
Term
What's the opening at the top of the ovule of the female gametophyte of a seeded plant?
Definition
Micropyle
Term
Whats the outter covering of the ovule in a seeded plant?
Definition
Integument
Term
Whats the main circular structure wrapped by the integument of the ovule?
Definition
Megasporangium
Term
What grows within the megasporangium?
Definition
Megaspore mother cell
Term
What does the megaspore mother cell undergo to develop into the mega gametophyte?
Definition
meiosis
Term
How many daughter megasopres are formed after the megaspore undergoes meiosis and how many live? What does the living daughter megaspore turn in to?
Definition

3 die and only 1 lives

 

Megagametophyte!

Term
What does the megagametophyte develop in to?
Definition
Forms the archegonium of the seeded plant. The archegonium contains eggs.
Term
What occurs within the archegonium?
Definition
Seed development and fertilization
Term
What is another name for a fully matured ovule?
Definition
Seed
Term
What is another name for the seed coat?
Definition
Integument
Term
What are the two groups of seed plants?
Definition
Gymnosperms and angiosperms
Term

What don't gymnosperms produce and what are the the characteristics of gymnosperms?

(gym=naked; sperm=seed)

Definition

-Gymnosperms don't produce flowers

 

-Develops wood as the secondary xylem

Term
How is the development as wood as the secondary xylem a significant evolutionary mark for plants?
Definition

-It develops very thick walls for strength

 

-walls are "lignified"-ligin--chemical compound that increases durability

 

-Trees are able to grow TALLER!

Term
What are the four phyla of gymnosperms!?
Definition

1)Phylum Cycadophyta

 

2)Phylum Gincophyta

 

3)Phylum Gnetophyta

 

4)Phylum Pinophyta

Term
Characteristics of Cycads from phylum cycadophyta?
Definition

-Old tropical natives

 

-Dioceous

 

-Nitrogen fixing plant

Term
What is it when each plant produces both a male and female parts?
Definition
Monacious
Term
What is it when a plant produces seperate female and male parts?
Definition
Diecious
Term
What are characteristics of Phylum Ginkophyta?
Definition

-Only species of their phylum

 

-Dioecious

 

-Create a fleshy seed

 

-Produces Aerol, this smells bad

 

-Hard to reproduce

Term
Characteristics of Gnetophyta?
Definition

-Doesn't produce flowers

 

-Diecious

 

-Found on west coast

Term
Characteristics of Conifers from phylum Pinophyta?
Definition

-Needle trees

 

-Differentiated; 50 genera

 

-Monoecious

 

-Oldest and biggest trees

Term
Angiosperms are known as seeded plants that develop what?
Definition
Flowers
Term
What are the two traditional classes of angiosperms?
Definition
Monocots and Dicots
Term
What are the receptacles of the flower?
Definition
Bottom rounded green part where sepals/petals extend from
Term
What is the pistil?
Definition
Vase shaped structure that holds the ovaries
Term
What lies within the ovaries of a flower?
Definition
Ovule
Term
What does Andrecium mean?
Definition
Guys house
Term
What does Gynoceium mean?
Definition
Girls House
Term
What are the tall balloon like structures that surround the Pistil of a flower?
Definition
Stamens
Term
What are the balloons of the stamen and what would be the string of the stamen in a flower?
Definition

Anther- Balloon

 

Fillament- String

Term

What are all the petals together known as?

 

Sepals?

Definition

All petals? Corolla

 

All Sepals? Calyx

Term
What structure of a flower creates a fruit?
Definition
A mature ovary
Term
The diversity of fruit reflects what type of strategy?
Definition
Dissemination strategies (spreading of seeds)
Term
Immature Male Gametophytes of a flowering plant consist of...
Definition
A generative cell and a tube cell
Term
An immature female gametophyte of a flowering plant lies in the ovule and consists of..
Definition

-1 egg

 

-2 polar nuclei

 

-Embryo Sac

Term
A flower of a flowering plant consists of what stage?
Definition
Mature sporophyte stage (2n)
Term
What process do microsporocytes and megasporocytes undergo within their gametic structures that before being able to reproduce?
Definition

Meiosis

 

This stage enters them in to a haploid stage

Term
What is it called when a pollen grain (immature male gametophyte) enters the stamen of the pistil of a flowering plant?
Definition
Pollination
Term
What special process occurs within the egg nucleus of a flowering plant and what are the results from this event?
Definition

-Double fertilization

 

-Sperm fertalizes the two polar nuclei as well as the egg nucleus

 

-The fertilized polar nuclei turns in to a 3n Endosperm

 

-The fertilized egg turns in to a Zygote

Term
What are pollination syndromes of Angiosperms?
Definition
Sets of characteristics of flowers that are designated to attract to certain pollinators
Term
What are the common animals that pollinate flowers?
Definition

Beetles--eat pollen

 

Bees--common, nectar guides and flowers create a landing platform

 

Moth/Butterfly--Have a probosels as a drinking straw: only surive on nectar

 

Humming Birds--usually red, pink, orange, and see same light as us. Pollen brushes on body. They don't have landing strips like insects do

 

Flys--Look for dead animals. Flowers "imitate" dead bodies. Ex) Stink cabbage actually heats up so smell travels further to attract flies.

Term
What are the adaptations for fruit and seed dispersal?
Definition

-'Vector' seed dispersal by animal, wind, and water

 

-Fruit dispersing to attract animals

 

-Burs attach to fur of animals

 

-Coconuts are designed to float in teh ocean

 

 

Term
What are the 6 animal characteristics?
Definition
1) Multicellular
2) Heterotrophic
3) Cells are usually organized into complete tissues
4) Most have nervous and muscle systems
5) Most are motile
6) Most reproduce sexually
Term
What are the traditional classification of animals?
Definition
-Presence or absence of different tissues
-Type of body symmetry
-Presence or absence of a true body cavity
Patterns of embryonic development
Term
What is the classification by presence or absence and what animals does it apply to?
Definition
-Classification Metazoa

-Applies to all animals
Term
Characteristics of Parazoa (sponges)
Definition
Almost, but not quite an animal. Consists of sponges with no true tissues and no symmetry. Cells actually function together and individually like a colonial cell.
Term
Eumetazoa characteristics?
Definition
true animals with complex tissues and bodies with body symmetry
Term
What are the classifications of body symmetry?
Definition
Radiata and Bilateral
Term
What are the two classifications by germ layer? (embryonic cell layers)
Definition
Diploblastic and Triploblastic
Term
What is a diploblastic animal?
Definition
One that develops from 2 germ layers.

Had an ectoderm and an endoderm.

Also has a Mesoglea=gelatinous layer
Term
What is a triploblastic animal?
Definition
One that develops from three germ layers.
Term
What are the tree germ layers of a triploblastic animal?
Definition
Endoderm (center)

Mesoderm (middle)

Ectoderm (outer most layer)
Term
What is a coelom?
Definition
A body cavity
Term
Acoelomate animals are usually ______
Definition
Flat
Term
Acoelomate characteristics?
Definition
Digestive tract in the center

Endoderm that lines the digestive tract

Mesoderm that lies between endoderm and ectoderm; mesoderm becomes muscles and organs

Ectoderm is the outer most germ layer that becomes the skin
Term
Pseudocoelomate characteristics?
Definition
Digestive tract in the middle

Endoderm outside of digestive tract

Pseudocoelom outside of endoderm (fluid filled)

Mesoderm outside of pseudocoelom

Ectoderm as the outer most layer
Term
Coelomate characteristics?
Definition
Digestive tract in the middle

Endoderm surrounding the digestive tract

Mesoderm that surrounds the Endoderm

Coelum that acts as two cavities inbetween layers of the mesoderm

An outer layer of mesoderm

Finally, the ectoderm
Term
What are the classifications of embryonic development?
Definition
Protostomes and Deuterostomes
Term
What is the basic pattern for embryonic development for all animals starting with the zygote (2n)?
Definition
Zygote-->division by mitosis cleavage-->Blastula(hollow blastocoel)-->Gastrulation-->Gastrula
Term
What is a blastopore?
Definition
Internal opening of the gastrula
Term
What is the structure of a gastrula working your way up and out from the Blastopore opening?
Definition
Blastopore opening--Blastocoel--Endoderm--Mesoderm--Ectoderm
Term
What type of cleavage derives from the development of a protostome?
Definition
Spiral Cleavage
Term
Does the blastospore become a mouth or an anus during the development of a protostome?
Definition
Mouth
Term
What type of cleavage excises a cell and arrests the continuation of the developmental process?
Definition
Determinate cleavage?
Term
What type of cleavage derives from the development of a deuterostome?
Definition
Radial Cleavage
Term
Does a deuterostome's blastospore become its mouth or anus?
Definition
Anus
Term
Characteristics of phylum porifera?
Definition
-mostly marine

-almost entirely sponges

-most primitive of all animals
Term
What is the wall of the sponge lined with?
Definition
Collar cells, amoeboecytes, and spicules
Term
What is the role of an amoebacyte?
Definition
distributes most of the food absorbed by collar cells; digests food particles
Term
H20 enters the pores of a sponge and enters out the what?
Definition
Osculum
Term
What is the gelatinous matrix that holds the sponge body together?
Definition
Mesohyl
Term
What is a spicule of the sponge?
Definition
-A hard product of the outer layer
Term
What are collar cells responsible for in sponges?
Definition
Digestion
Term
What two cells together act as the mode of digestion in sponges?
Definition
Collar cells and amoebacytes
Term
How can sponges reproduce?
Definition
Two ways.

-Asexually via fragmentation

-Sexually; sponges are hermaphrodites, meaning they have both sexual entities
Term
What does Subkingdom Eumetazoa include?
Definition
Animals of different symmetries (radiata as well as bilateral)
Term
What are the classes of phylum Cnidaria?
Definition
Class Hydrozoa

Class Scyphozoa

Class Anthozoa

Class Cubozoa
Term
What are examples of animals from class Hydrozoa?
Definition
Hydroids
Term
Whats an example of class scyphozoa?
Definition
Jellyfish
Term
What are some examples of class Anthozoa?
Definition
Sea anemones and coral
Term
What are some examples of class Cubozoa?
Definition
Box jellyfish
Term
What are the two body plans of Phylum Cnidaria?
Definition
Polyp and Medusa
Term
What are the characteristics of the Polyp body plan?
Definition
-Sesile; anchored to rocks

-Soft bodied tubes with tentacles

-Carries gastrovascular cavities for digestion

-----Corals secret outer skeletons
Term
Whats the Medusa body plan like?
Definition
-Free swimming

-Jellyfish

-Has a mesoglea
Term
What are hydroids?
Definition
-Organisms that can be in both forms: Polyp and Medusa
Term
What phylum contains specialized stinging cells and what are they called? What are inside of these stinging cells?
Definition
-Cnidaria

-Cnidocytes; Nematocysts
Term
What phylum contains specialized stinging cells and what are they called? What are inside of these stinging cells?
Definition
-Cnidaria

-Cnidocytes; Nematocysts
Term
What is the common type of organism connected to phylum Platyhelminthes?
Definition
Flatworms
Term
Phylum Platyhelminthes includes these characteristics:
Definition
-Acoelomate: no body cavity
-Cephalization
-Branched digestive tract
Term
Phylum Lophophorata trait?
Definition
Come from the trait of having a ciliated ring of tentacles.
Term
What's a lophophore?
Definition
Ciliated ring of tentacles
Term
Examples of Gastropods?
Definition
snails and slugs
Term
Examples of Class Bivalvia?
Definition
Clams, Mussels, and Oysters (left and right shells)

Filter feeders

One way digestie tract
Term
Examples of Class Cephalopoda
Definition
Squid, Octopus, Cuttle fish, Nautilus

Predators of Molluska
Term
Phylum Annelida's primary organism is the _______ _________
Definition
Segmented worm
Term
Double transport system?
Definition
Phylum annelida: closed circulatory system and cavities also function to carry nutrients and waste
Term
Cutaneous respiration?
Definition
Gas exchange across the epidermis (skin) of the annalid
Term
The body cavity of an annelid?
Definition
Coelomate
Term
What are the advantages of segmentation?
Definition
Paves the path for evolution
Term
Class Polychaeta?
Definition
Phylum Annelida--

-Parapodia--almost feet
-A well developed head
Term
Class Oligochaeta is famous for what organism? What are some characteristics of this class?
Definition
-Earthworm

-Eats its own weight in soil every day, important for conditioning soil for plant utility, act as rich fertilizers, have a one-way digestive tract, and are Hermaphrodites
Term
Class Hirudinea are famous for what animal? What are some characteristics?
Definition
-Leeches

-Parasites
Term
What types of animals lie within the Ecdysozoa Subkingdom?
Definition
Nemotodes and Arthropods
Term
What does ecdysis mean?
Definition
molding, shedding of cuticle or covering
Term
Phylum Nematoda are famous for what type of organism?
Definition
Roundworms
Term
What are some characteristics of phylum nematoda?
Definition
-They are small pseudoceolomate worms

-most are less than a mm long

-They have 2 protective coverings called a cuticle
Term
What germ layer secretes a cuticle that must be shed periodically as the animal grows for the Phylum Nematoda?
Definition
Epidermis
Term
Unique physical characteristic of phylum Nematoda?
Definition
Pseudocoelom fluid-filled/hydrostatic skeleton
Term
What is a term to call the fused, functional units of the segmented bodies on the Phylum Arthropoda?
Definition
Tagmata (functional subunit)
Term
Phylum Anthropoda have complex sensory organs and nervous systems. Some of structures of these include:
Definition
Brain, cerebral ganglion, ventral nerve cord, eyes, sound receptors, and an antannae
Term
What type of circulatory system do those in phylum Anthropoda have?
Definition
Open circulatory systems (conatain hymolymph that fills the fluid cavity)
Term
What is the gas exchange from phylum arthropoda done by? (structures)
Definition
Spiracles, trachea, and tracheoles
Term
Incomplete metamorphasis?
Definition
Least common.

-Nymph stages--changes in size and can be multiple staged

-grasshoppers/cockroaches
Term
Complete Metamorphosis?
Definition
-contain larval stages

-most common
Term
Evolution/Importance of evolved wings from class insecta?
Definition
-Did not evolve from jointed appendages but from scales
Term
Importance of evolved mouth parts?
Definition
-Evolved from jointed appendages

-Allows for sucking nectar, lapping liquids, and many other specialized parts
Term
Metamorphasis?
Definition
When an animal goes through a series of molts
Term
What animals are in class crustacea and what phylum does this class belong to?
Definition
Lobsters, crabs, shrimp, barnacles, and their relatives.

Phylum anthropoda
Term
Deuterostomes inlcude which two phylums?
Definition
Phylums echodermata and chordata
Term
Describe characteristics of phylum echinodermada?
Definition
"spiny skin" in Greek

Have Endoskeletons

Water vascular systems

Can regrow limbs
Term
What is autonomy?
Definition
Ability to regrow limbs.
Term
What is the function of a water vascular system in Echinodermatas?
Definition
Locomotion,respiration, and feeding
Term
What are the four critical evolutionary innovations of the chordates?
Definition
1-Development of a notochord

2-Dorsal, tubular nerve cord

3-Pharyngeal slits (evolved from gills)

4-Post anal tail
Term
What is the famous class of the craniates?
Definition
Class myxini (hagfish)
Term
What are the key characteristics of the craniates?
Definition
1) Cranium

2) Neural Crest

3) They lack a vertebrae
Term
What are the key characteristics of vertebrates?
Definition
-Vertebral column made up of vertebrae
Replaces the notochord with bony cartillage

-Endoskeleton of cartilage or bone

-Internal organs
Term
Vertebrates inlcuded what types of fish?
Definition
-Jawless
-Jawed
-Bony
-Lobe-finned
Term
What are the Gnathostomes?
Definition
Jawed vertebrates
Term
What are the characteristics of jawed vertebrates?
Definition
-Jaws
-Endoskeletons
-two pairs of appendages vthat develop as fins
Term
How did jaws develop?
Definition
-Pharyngill slits evolved to gill arches and gill slits
-Gill slits then evolved in to jaws
Term
What types of animals come from class chondrichthyes?
Definition
Sharks, skates, and rays
Term
What are characteristics of the shark?
Definition
-Gill arch 4 became modified to form a heavier and more efficient jaw

-This created a stronger head

-2 chambered hearts
Term
Ray characteristics?
Definition
-Hang out at bottom of ocean

-Spend lots of energy pumping water through gills
Term
How are bony fishes different from chondrichthyes?
Definition
They are heavier than chondrichthyes because they are made of bone not cartilage
Term
What is class actinopterygii?
What are some characteristics?
Definition
-Ray-finned fishes

-Bones instead of cartillage, have a c-shaped cut by gill on side of th ehad called an operculum

-swim bladder is filled with gas that allows the fish to float!
Term
Describe Class Dipnoi?
Definition
Lungfish!!! 'taking a dip to save your lungs' Dipnoi--Lungfish
Term
Describe characteristics of terapods..
Definition
-Never had a completely water proof skin

-They turn to water to breed

-They havent developed internal fertilization
Term
Describe characteristics of Ambphibians and what Amphibia means?
Definition
-Amphibia "both lives"

-Lobed fins developed in to legs

-classed as teh first tetrapods

-Buccal pumping

-some undergo metamorphasis
Term
What is Buccal pumping?
Definition
How amphibians breathe; cuteneous respiration
Term
What is Order Anura? Describe.
Definition
Anura 'without a tail'--frogs and toads

Began as tadpoles

Sprout legs as they develop
Term
Order Caudata? describe.
Definition
Salamanders, mudpuppies, newts

-internal fertilization, born in water, and limbs extend from the torso
Term
Order Gymnophiona? explain.
Definition
-Caecilians

-blue worm looking creatures, blind and mostly live in caves, legless worm-like amphibians, and they are viviporous---bear live young
Term
What are the amniotes known for developing?
Definition
The amniotic egg, which had given rise to a lineage of truly terrestrial animals
Term
What was one of the most important key characteristics allowing for terrestrial life?
Definition
Amniotic egg
Term
What are the adaptations of the amniotes?
Definition
-Amniotic egg
-watertight skin
-Thoracic breathing
-Water-conservative kidneys
-Internal fertilization
-Legs of reptiles developed legs inferier to the body, allowing for quicker movement
Term
What are the classes associated with the reptiles!?
Definition
Class Testudines
Class Lepidosauria
Class Crocodilia
Term
What animals are famous from class Testudines and what are their key characteristics?
Definition
Turtles and Tortoises

Firstto develop hard protective shell that is fused to the backbone and ribs, development of a beak, and sex depends on temp! Warmer temp? Female.
Term
What animals are famous from class Lepidosauria?
Definition
Lizards and snakes
Term
What's a key characteristic from Class Lepidosauria? (lizards and snakes)
Definition
-Kinetic skull!
---Upper Jaw is hinged; lower jaw not attached to skull
Term
What animals are famous from class Crocodilia?
Definition
-Crocodiles and alligators
Term
How can you tell a difference between a croc and an aligator?
Definition
crocodiles have long pointy snouts while alligators are shorter snouts, bear teeth.
Term
What class is associated with birds?
Definition
Class Aves
Term
What are characteristics of Aves?
Definition
Feathers

Lightweight skeleton of hollow bone

Air sacs (2 breaths for 1 of ours)

Dont mix O2 with CO2

Reduction of Organs
Term
What is the driving feature of develepmont of Ave characteristics?
Definition
Flight
Term
Did mammals evolve earlier than the birds?
Definition
Yes
Term
What are the key characteristics of mammals?
Definition
Mammary Glands and Hair
Term
What are some characteristics that only some animals posess?
Definition
Ability to digest plants

Horns and antlers
Term
What are teh 3 divisions of reproduction within Class Mammalia?
Definition
-Prototheria

-Metatheria

-Eutheria
Term
What are the mammalian subclasses based upon?
Definition
How they reproduce
Term
Prototheria?
Definition
Egg laying mammals
-Lack placenta
Term
Metatheria?
Definition
Pouched mammals
-kangaroos and oppossums
Term
Eutheria?
Definition
Placental animals
-Dogs, cats, humans
Supporting users have an ad free experience!