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Biology 101 - Chapter 19
Biology 101 - Chapter 19 Population Ecology
22
Biology
Undergraduate 1
09/15/2013

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Term
Population ecology
Definition
Concerned with changes in population size and the factors that regulate populations over time
Term
Population density
Definition
Number of individuals of a species per unit area or volume of habitat
Term
Age structure
Definition
Distribution of individuals in different age groups
Term
Life table
Definition
Track survivorship, the chance of an individual in a given population surviving to various ages
Term
Survivorship curve
Definition
Plot of the number of individuals still alive at each age in the maximum life span
Term
Type I survivorship curve
Definition
humans and other large mammals -
Usually produce few offspring but give them good care, increasing likelihood that they will survive to maturity
Term
Type II survivorship curve
Definition
Intermediate, with survivorship constant over the life span. Individuals are no more vulnerable at one stage of the life cycle than another. Invertebrates, lizards and rodents.
Term
Type III survivorship curve
Definition
low survivorship for the very young, followed by a period when survivorship is high for those few individuals who live to a certain age. Species with this type of survivorship curve usually produce very large numbers of offspring but provide little or no care for them. Ex: fISH
Term
Life History
Definition
The set of traits that affect an organism's schedule of reproduction and survival. (Age at first reproduction, frequency of reproduction, number of offspring and amount of parental care given)
Term
Opportunistic Life History
Definition
One that enables the plant or animal to take immediate advantage of favorable conditions. Type III survivorship curve.
Term
Equilibrial life history
Definition
Pattern of developing and reaching sexual maturity slowly and producing few, well-cared-for offspring. Type 1 survivorship curve.
Term
Exponential population growth
Definition
Expansion of a population in an ideal, unlimited environment.
Term
Limiting factors
Definition
Environmental factors that restrict population growth.
Term
Carrying capacity
Definition
Maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain
Term
Logistic population growth
Definition
Growth rate decreases as the population size approaches carrying capacity
Term
Intraspecific competition
Definition
Competition between individuals of the same species for the same limited resources
Term
Density Independent facor
Definition
Population limiting factor whose intensity is unrelated to population density
Term
Endangered species
Definition
One that is in danger of extinction
Term
Threatened species
Definition
Those that are likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future.
Term
Invasive species
Definition
Non-native species that has spread far beyond the original point of introduction and causes environmental or economic damage by colonizing and dominating suitable habitats.
Term
Biological control
Definition
Intentional release of a natural enemy to attack a pest population
Term
Ecological footprint
Definition
Estimate of the amount of land and water required to provide the raw materials an individual or a nation consumes. Includes food, fuel, fresh water, housing and waste disposal.
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