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Biological Sciences 163 Lab Practical 3
Bacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plant Diversity & Anatomy, Diversity of Animals
98
Biology
Undergraduate 1
05/03/2011

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Cards

Term
[image]
Definition

Giardia

Causes "backpacker's diarrhea"

Clade Excavates

Lack mitochondria

2 haploid nuclei

possible link b/w prokaryotes & eukaryotes

Term
[image]
Definition

Staphylococcus

Cluster grouping

Term
[image]
Definition

Streptobacillus

Chain grouping

Term
[image]
Definition

Oscillatoria

Cyanobacteria

Move by oscillation

Reproduce by fragmentation

Term
[image]
Definition

Anabaena

Cyanobacteria

Heterocysts

Important for nitrogen fixation

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Gloeocapsa

Cyanobacteria

Occur singly or in groups of up to 8 individuals

Term
[image]
Definition

Nostoc

Cyanobacteria

Made of filaments or round cells

Can form gelatinous balls with hundreds of filaments

Term
[image]
Definition

Trichonympha

Clade Excavates

Live symbiotically in guts of termites

Rely on endosymbiotic bacteria to digest cellulose

Term
[image]
Definition

Euglena

Clade Discicristates

Zooflagellates

Disk-shaped cristae

Can only reproduce by mitosis

Autotrophic when light is available

Heterotrophic when light is not available

Found in fresh water

Pellicle & Flagella (anterior)

Term
[image]
Definition

Trypanosomes

Clade Discicristates

Parasitic

Ex. African sleeping sickness - Tsetse fly bit

Seen in blood 

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Paramecium

Clade Alveolates

Cilia for locomotion

Freswater

Heterotrophic; Feed on decay

Micronuclei & Macronuclei

Reproduce by conjugation

Term
Dinoflagellata
Definition

Clade Alveolates

Found in fresh and salt water

Two flagella

Photosynthetic

Zooxanthellae

Some cause red tides

Term
Apicomplexans
Definition

Clade Alveolates

Entirely parasitic

Ex. Malaria

*know life cycle of Plasmodium

Term
[image]
Definition

Diatoms

Clade Heterokonts

Mostly unicellular

Two silica shells fit together

Fossil records

Term
[image]
Definition

Brown Algae

Clade Heterokonts

Ex. kelp

Specialized blades, stipes, holdfasts

Source for algin

Term
[image]
Definition

Chlamydomonas

Clade Plants

Solitary

Term
[image]
Definition

Spirogyra

Clade Plants

Long filaments

2 cholorplasts spiralling in opposite directions

Term
[image]
Definition

Volvox

Clade Plants

Colonial

Term
[image]
Definition

Foraminifera

Clade Cercozoa

Abeoba-like

Enclosed by carbonate shell

Term
[image]
Definition

Aboeba

Clade Amoebozoa

Single-celled

Pseudopodia

Term
[image]
Definition

Choanoflagellates

Clade Opisthokonts

Single posterior flagellum

Free-living marine

Collar caputures debris/food

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Rhizopus

Kingdom Fungi

Zygomycetes

Coenocytic hyphae-multinucleate

Zygospore

Bread mold

Term
[image]
Definition

Pezziza

Kingdom Fungi

Ascomycetes

Multicellular

Ascospores/asci/ascocarp

Term
Basidiomycetes
Definition

Kingdom Fungi

Ex. mushroom

Basiciocarp/basidia/basidiospore

Dikaryotic hypha - two haploid nuclei

Term
[image]
Definition

Moss Capsule

Nonvascular seedless plants

Sporophyte grows out of female gametophyte

Term
[image]
Definition

Moss archegonium

female gametophyte

Term
[image]
Definition

Moss antheridium

Male gametophyte

Term
[image]
Definition

Fern prothallus

Seedless vascular plant

Prothallus = gametophyte

Term
[image]
Definition

Fern spore

Haploid

Term
[image]
Definition

Male pine cone cross section

Gymnosperm

Sporophylls -->Microsporangia-->Microspore

-->male gametophyte (pollen)

Term
[image]
Definition

Female pine cone cross section

Gymnosperm

Megasporangia (ovules) -->Megasporocytes --> Megaspores--> female gametophyte

Term
[image]
Definition

Pine cone pollen

Gymnosperm

Microgametophyte

Term
Nonvascular seedless plants
Definition

Phyla Bryophyta: mosses

Phyla Hapatophyta: liverworts

Phyla Anthocerophyta: hornworts

Term
Seedless Vascular Plants
Definition

Phyla Psilotophyta: whisk fern

Phyla Lycophyta: Lycopodium

Phyla Sphenophyta: horsetails

Phyla Pterophyta: ferns

Term
Gymnosperms
Definition
Phylum Coniferophyta: pines/firs
Term
Angiosperms (Phyla Anthophyta)
Definition

Class Monocotyledones: monocots

Class Eudicotyledones: the dicots/eudicots

Term
[image]
Definition

Different types of seed dispersal

Wind: maple, dandelion, poppy

Animals: cocklebur, beggartick, blueberries

Water: coconut

Forcible discharge: impatients

Term
[image]
Definition

 

plumule: embryonic shoot

radicle: embryonic root

seed coat

triploid endosperm

coleoptile: sheat of protective cells that protect the growing stem

 

 

Monocot: single cotyledon

Ex. corn, wheat, rice, sugar cane

 

 

Dicot: two cotyledons

Ex. tomatoes, potatoes, spinach, lettuce, broccoli, fruits, beans

 

Term
Germination
Definition
resumption of growth in the sprouting of a seed
Term
Root system
Definition

Primary and lateral roots

Generally live in sometimes moist soils

Roots provide anchor for plant

Term
Shoot system
Definition

Comprised of the stems and leaves

Stem holds up the leaves

Leaves provide surface eposed to sun for photosynthesis

 

Term
Ground tissue system
Definition
Make up most of the plant
Term
Vascular tissue system
Definition

Xylem: conducts water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant

 

Phloem: conducts the products of photosynthesis to the stems and the roots

Term
Dermal tissue system
Definition
Provides outer covering of the plant
Term
Plant organs
Definition
roots, stems, and leaves
Term
[image]
Definition

Fibrous root

Ex. grasses

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Modified taproot

Ex. carrots

Way to store energy

Term
Taproot
Definition
Ex. shrubs
Term
Prop roots
Definition

Ex. corn

Specialized for holding a plant up

Term
Aerial roots
Definition
Ex. orchids
Term
Root hairs
Definition

very small extensions of the main root

modifications of the epidermis

Term
Cortex
Definition

Bulk of the root

Area that fills all the but the center of the root

Comprised of thin-celled walls with lots of intracellular spaces

Functions in starch storage

Intracellular spaces: allow for uptake of tight-fitting layer of cells

 

Term
Stele
Definition

Center of the root

AKA vascular cylinder

Term
[image]
Definition

Dicot root

"X" : xylem

Surrounding: phloem

Larger surrounding: cortex

Term
[image]
Definition

Monocot root

large white circles: xylem

smaller white circles in between: phloem

center: pith

outer ring: cortex

Term
[image]
Definition

Corm (Crocus) stem

 

Term
[image]
Definition
Rhizome (Iris) stem
Term
[image]
Definition
Tuber (potato) stem
Term
[image]
Definition

Monocot stem

Large white circle: Xylem

Large patterned circle: Phloem

Term
[image]
Definition

Dicot stem

Larger white circle: xylem

Middle striations: phloem

Term
Pith
Definition

bulk of inner portion of the stem

ground tissue system

comprised of large, thin-walled cells

Term
Vascular bundles
Definition

Outer third of cross section of dicot stem

 

Term
Vascular cambium
Definition

Type of tissue between xylem and phloem

One of tissues critical for secondary growth

Term
Primary growth
Definition
elongation of a plant that occurs at the tips of the roots and the tips of the stems
Term
Secondary growth
Definition

Growth of xylem causes the increase in the girth of a plant and is seen only in some dicots (trees)

 

woody dicots: wood & bark

herbaceous dicots: no wood and bark

Term
[image]
Definition
Woody growth
Term
[image]
Definition

Monocot leaf

Ex. Corn (zea)

circles: vascular bundles (veins)

surrounding tissue: mesophyll

Term
[image]
Definition

Dicot leaf

Ex. Sunflower (helianthus)

darker part of circle: xylem

lighter part of circle: phloem

circle: vascular bundle (vein)

Term
Parazoa
Definition

"alongside animals"

Ex. Porifera

Term
Eumetazoa
Definition

"true, later animals"

 

Term
Radiata
Definition

animals with radial symmetry

Ex. Phylum Cnidaria

Diploblastic: endoderm and ectoderm

Digestive system has one opening

Term
Bilateria
Definition

Animals with bilateral symmetry

Most of rest of animal kingdom

Cephalization: development of head region

Triploblastic: three distinct germ layers

Digestive system has two opening: mouth and anus

Term
Coelom (three types)
Definition

fluid-filled body cavity

(1) acoelomate - no coelom; generally small

(2) pseudocoelom - body cavity not lined with mesoderm

(3) true coelom - body cavity lined with mesoderm 

Term
Lophotrochozoa
Definition

Based on lophophorates and those with trochozoa larvae

Protostome

Ex. Platyhelminthes, Mollusca, Annelida

Term
Ecdysozoa
Definition

Comprised of animals that go through ecdysis, or the molting process

Protostome

Ex. Nematoda, Arthropoda

Term
Protostome
Definition

Ex. Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca

blastopore --> mouth

determinate, spiral cleavage

mesoderm --> mass of cells near blastopore

schizocoely

Term
Deuterostome
Definition

Ex. Echinodermata, Chordata

blastopore --> anus

indeterminate, radial cleavage

mesoderm --> cells pinch off of archenteron

enterocoely

Term
[image]
Definition

Phylum Porifera

Mo tissues, no real symmetry, not very mobile

choanocyte: collar cells

spicules: silica or calcium carbonate

Term
[image]
Definition

Phylum Porifera

Grantia

Term
[image]
Definition

Phlum Cnidaria

Polyp

Radiata

Term
[image]
Definition

Phylum Cnidaria

Medusa

Radiata

Term
[image]
Definition

Planaria

Phylum Platyhelminthes

(flatworms)

aceolomate

Term
[image]
Definition

Planaria

Phylum Platyhelminthes

(flatworms)

aceolomate

Term
[image]
Definition

Tapeworms

Phylum Platyhelminthes

parasitic

acoelomate

Term
[image]
Definition

Phylum Annelida

Tube-within-a-tube digestive system

closed circulatory system

segmentation

Term
[image]
Definition
Phylum Annelida cross section
Term
[image]
Definition

Phylum Mollusca

Class Gastropoda

ex. snail

Term
[image]
Definition

Phylum Mollusca

Class Cephalopoda

Ex. Squid

Term
[image]
Definition

Phylum Mollusca

Class Bivalvia

Ex. clam

Term
[image]
Definition

Phylum Nematoda

AKA Roundworms

Pseudocoelem

Parasites

Female

Term
[image]
Definition

Phylum Nematoda

male

Term
[image]
Definition
Phylum Nematoda
Term
[image]
Definition

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Scavengers

males: larger modified swimmerets 1 & 2

females: female genital opening

Term
[image]
Definition

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Asteroidea

Ex. sea star

Term
[image]
Definition

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Holothuroidea

Ex. sea cucumbers

Term
[image]
Definition

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Echinoidea

sand dollar

Term
[image]
Definition

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Echinoidea

Sea Urchin

Term
[image]
Definition

Phylum Chordata

Subphyla Cephalochordata

Ex. Lancelet/Amphioxus

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