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Biological Influences wksht
Biological Influences wksht
34
Psychology
12th Grade
12/13/2008

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Cards

Term
What makes up the central nervous system?
Definition
the brain and spinal cord
Term
What makes up the peripheral nervous system?
Definition
consists of nerve fibers running to and from the central nervous system.
Term
What do these systems do?
Definition
They act as connecting and coordinating systems between the sense organs and the muscles and glands.
Term
What is a neuron?
Definition
a nerve cell
Term
What do sensory neurons do?
Definition
receive and carry sensory information
Term
What do motor neurons do?
Definition
invloved in motor activities
Term
Name and describe the 4 basic parts of a neuron.
Definition
1) Dendrites - recieve nerve impulses
2) Cell Body - contains chromosomes and genes and provides energy for neuron activity
3) Axon - sends messages to other neurons
4) Synapse - the point at which the two neurons meet
Term
What does the Autonomic Nervous system do?
Definition
regulates activities of vital organs
Term
What organs does the autonomic nervous system control
Definition
organs necessary for life and reproduction
Term
Why do we call it the autonomic nervous system?
Definition
because we cannot voluntarily control the activities regulated by it
Term
List the 5 techniques to study the relationship of the brain to behavior
Definition
1) stimulating specific areas of the brain by placing small electrodes in the brain
2) brain lesions refers to a part of the brain that has been destroyed
3) EEG (electoenchephalograph) - recording brain wave patterns
4) Studying nerves connected to brain - tracing decayed nerves
5) Biochemical studies - chemical analysis of normal brains in healthy people
Term
4 factors that will determine whether it continues to another neuron or not
Definition
1) Acceptance is related to the amount of chemicals for transmitting the impulse
2) Availability of the receiving neuron
3) Previous state of synapse
4) Possibilities of changing conditions
Term
What is the highest brain center in humans called?
Definition
Cerebral Cortex
Term
What does the cerebral cortex look like?
Definition
a thick layer of gray-colored neurons just under the skull
Term
Describe the 2 areas of the cerebral cortex
Definition
- related to sensory processes
- related to motor activities
Term
How much of this area is unknown in purpose
Definition
3-fourths
Term
What is the average brain weight of a male?
Definition
1,360 grams
Term
What is the average brain weight of a female?
Definition
1,247 grams
Term
Does weight have any bearing of intelligence?
Definition
No
Term
How do we know brain weight doesn't have any bearing of intelligence?
Definition
The lightest brain and heaviest brain both belonged to retarded people
Term
Describe Duct glands
Definition
- empty contents through small opening
- do not send products directly into blood stream
Term
Describe Ductless glands
Definition
- have no openings
- empty product directly into blood stream 
Term
Where is the Thyroid gland located?
Definition
in the neck
Term
What does the thyroid gland do?
Definition
releases hormone that regulates speed of chemical reactions and rate of growth
Term
What does and overactive thyroid gland do?
Definition
restles and excitable, gland may become very enlarged producing a condition calle Goiter
Term
What does an Underactive thyroid gland do?
Definition
The cretin is dwarfed with a thick set body. Legs are short and bowed. Feet and hands are stubby. Hair is coarse. Skin is yellow.
Term
Where is the Pituitary gland located?
Definition
attached to the underside of the brain
Term
What is the pituitary gland called and what does it control?
Definition

called the "master gland"

 

it controls outputs from other endocrine glands

 

Part of this gland controls bodily growth

Term
Where is the Adrenal Gland located?
Definition
just above the kidney
Term
Name and describe the two hormones released by the adrenal gland
Definition
1) adrenaline - heartbeat increase, stomach stops digesting, pupils of eyes become wider
 
2) cortisone - helps fight infections - prepares a person for a long-continued exercise
Term
What to Gonad Glands do?
Definition
provide sperm and eggs cells for reproduction
Term
What do Gonad Glands Control?
Definition
 personality development of an individual
Term
When do Gonad glands increase production?
Definition
during adolescence
Term
4 conclusions made in the experiment on laboratory rats and wild rats to determine the effects of environment on glandular development
Definition
1) Adrenal glands in lab rats are smaller and less effective
2) thyroid glands less active in lab rats
3)gonads develop earlier, function with greater regularity and cause a much greater fertility in lab rats than in wild rats
4) found that the brains of lab rats weigh less than the brains of wild rats.
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