Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Biolgoy II - Exam 2
\Vocab2
20
Biology
Undergraduate 2
10/04/2015

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Genome
Definition
an organism’s full set of genes and non-coding portions of DNA
Term
Sequence Homology
Definition
similarity due to common ancestry
Term
Hox Genes
Definition
a group of related genes that control the body plan of an embryo along the anterior-posterior
Term
Homeobox
Definition
a common 180 bp sequence in Hox genes and many other transcription factor genes
Term
Homeodomain
Definition
the 60 amino acid sequence coded by the homeobox
Its transcription factor! (it binds to specific DNA sequences in the promoters of target genes
Term
Parallel Phenotypic Evolution
Definition
Many developmental genes exist in similar form across a wide range of species.
Highly conserved developmental genes make it likely that similar traits will evolve repeatedly
Term
"Junk" DNA
Definition
The majority of most eukaryotic genomes consist of non-coding regions, sometimes described as _____;.
Term
Gene Family
Definition
a group of related genes which evolve via duplication
Term
Phylogeny
Definition
the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms
Term
Node
Definition
The area on a stem where each leaf is attached.
Term
Root
Definition
an internal node corresponding to the most recent common ancestor to ALL species at the tips of the tree
Term
Clade
Definition
A group of organisms containing a common ancestor and all its descendants; a monophyletic group.
Term
analogous features/characters
Definition
structures that have similar functions and superficially similar appearance but very different anatomies
Term
convergent evolution
Definition
The independent evolution of structural or functional similarity in two or more distantly related species, usually as a result of adaptations to similar environments.
Term
ancestral character
Definition
Homologous traits found in two or more taxa that are present in their most recent common ancestor but not in earlier common ancestors.
Term
derived character
Definition
Homologous traits found in two or more taxa that are present in their most recent common ancestor but not in earlier common ancestors.
Term
synapomorphy
Definition
A trait that arose in the ancestor of a phylogenetic group and is present in all of its members, thus helping to delimit and identify that group.
Term
ingroup
Definition
In a cladistic study of evolutionary relationships among taxa of organisms, the group of taxa that is actually being analyzed
Term
outgroup
Definition
A species or group of species that is closely related to the group of species being studied, but clearly not as closely related as any study-group members are to each other
Term
binomial nomenclature
Definition
a system for giving each organism a two-word latin name that consists of the genus name followed by the species name
Supporting users have an ad free experience!