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BIOL90 Exam 1
n/a
84
Biology
Undergraduate 2
03/01/2009

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Term
absorption maximum
Definition
the wavelength at which a substance demonstrates a peak of absorbance
Term
absorption spectrum
Definition
a plot of the amount of light absorbed by a substance at varying wavelengths
Term
Beer-Lambert law
Definition
Beer's law, defines a linear relationship between the absorption of a compound at a given wavelength and its concentration
Term
cuvette
Definition
small test tube used in the spectrophotometer
Term
standard curve
Definition
a method of plotting assay data that is used to determine the concentration of a substance, particularly proteins and DNA
Term
resolution
Definition
the ability to distinguish two structures at a given magnification
Term
contrast
Definition
intensifies the natural differences in the appearance of two structures
Term
parfocal
Definition
property of a microscope that when an object is brought into focus at a magnification, it is in focus or close to it at a higher magnification
Term
aliquot
Definition
a portion of the total amount of solution
Term
mycelium (mycelia)
Definition
large numbers of hyphae developed into a jumbled mass
Term
hypha (hyphae)
Definition
long, threadlike filaments that most fungi grow in in a vegetative state
Term
septum (septa)
Definition
A partition dividing filamentous hyphae into discrete cells in fungi
Term
disinfest/disinfect
Definition
to rid of a pathogen
Term
parasite
Definition
an organism that feeds on living matter
Term
saprophyte
Definition
organisms that feed on dead matter and aid in its decomposition
Term
heterotroph
Definition
an organism that produces its own food
Term
autotroph
Definition
an organism which does not produce its own food and must feed on other organisms
Term
apothecium (apothecia)
Definition
a specialized, cup-like structure that develops on mummies that have fallen to the ground; produces spores by sexual reproduction
Term
ascus (asci)
Definition
microscopic sacs which produce ascospores
Term
ascospores
Definition
the sexual spores of a fungus
Term
conidium (conidia)
Definition
small asexual spores produced by conidiophores
Term
conidiophore
Definition
specialized hyphae that produce conidia
Term
meniscus
Definition
When measuring volume, it is the lowest point of the liquid.
Term
A=EbC
Definition
absorption is directly related to concentration. A (absorption), E(coefficient of sample), b (path length through sample), C (concentration).
Term
Pathogen
Definition
a biological agent that causes disease in its host.
Term
Pathogenicity
Definition
the study of pathogens.
Term
Epidemiology
Definition
the study of factors affecting the health of a large group of people.
Term
Spontaneous generation
Definition
theory where the origin of life came from inanimate matter.
Term
Germ Theory
Definition
microorganisms are the cause of many diseases.
Term
Capsule
Definition
the layer that lies outside of the cell wall of bacteria.
Term
Biofilm
Definition
structured community of microorganisms adherent to a living surface.
Term
Quorum Sensing
Definition
way that bacteria determine their gene expression according to the density of the group.
Term
Endospore
Definition
a capsule that bacteria form just in case they are destroyed.
Term
Pasteurization
Definition
a way to kill disease causing microorganisms without losing any taste of the product.
Term
Sterilization
Definition
the elimination of microorganisms.
Term
Negative stain
Definition
stains the background of the bacteria.
Term
Positive stain
Definition
stains the bacteria.
Term
Differential stain
Definition
stains only the bacteria with certain characteristics.
Term
Van Leeuwenhoek
Definition
constructed microscopes.
Term
Pasteur
Definition
disproved spontaneous generation.
Term
Koch
Definition
came up with Koch's postulates for disease identification.
Term
Lister
Definition
first person to do a sterilized surgery.
Term
DeBary
Definition
proved that a fungus was the cause of a plant disease.
Term
Septum
Definition
Portion that divides the hyphae.
Term
Haploid
Definition
1n cells
Term
Diploid
Definition
2n cells
Term
Meiosis
Definition
process by which diploid cells split into two haploid cells.
Term
Zygote
Definition
the product of two haploid cells merging into a diploid cell.
Term
Alternation of generations
Definition
a process only seen in the plant life cycle where it alternates between haploid and diploid generations.
Term
Sporophyte
Definition
produces spores during meiosis.
Term
Gametophyte
Definition
end product of the spores produced by the sporophyte.
Term
Sorus
Definition
a cluster of sporangium.
Term
Sporangium
Definition
structure that produces spores.
Term
Egg
Definition
is fertilized in the archegonium.
Term
Sperm
Definition
fertilized in the antheridium.
Term
Meristem
Definition
tissue in all plants where the majority of growth takes place.
Term
Pheromone
Definition
the signal plants send out to try to attract sperm donors.
Term
Hermaphrodite
Definition
leafy appearance gametophyte.
Term
Rhizoid
Definition
the root of a plant or fungus.
Term
Antigen
Definition
a substance that prompts the creation of antibodies.
Term
Antibody
Definition
disease fighting agents that bond to antigens.
Term
Monoclonal Antibody
Definition
specific antibodies that are produced by a host parent and cannot attack anyone but that one type.
Term
Hybridomas
Definition
cells that are used to produce antibodies in large amounts.
Term
Agglutination
Definition
the clumping of particles.
Term
Immunoassay
Definition
biochemical test that measures the concentration of a subject in a liquid.
Term
Conjugate
Definition
attaching a poor antigen to a carrier protein to strengthen it.
Term
Substrate
Definition
a molecule that is acted upon by an enzyme.
Term
Aflatoxin
Definition
naturally occurring mycotoxins that are produced by fungus.
Term
Primer
Definition
a nucleic acid strand that serves as a starting point for DNA replication.
Term
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Definition
technique used to amplify specific strands of DNA.
Term
Taq DNA polymerase
Definition
frequently used strand of DNA in PCR.
Term
Induced enzyme
Definition
enzyme only produced under certain conditions.
Term
Constitutive enzyme
Definition
enzyme produced all the time.
Term
Indicator organism
Definition
organism that gets the reaction started.
Term
Photosynthesis
Definition
the act of a plant absorbing light energy and converting it into glucose.
Term
Chloroplast
Definition
the area where light energy is absorbed.
Term
Thylakoid
Definition
where the light reaction occurs.
Term
Stroma
Definition
where the light independent reaction occurs.
Term
Chlorophyll
Definition
the pigment that attracts light energy to the plant.
Term
Carotenoid
Definition
where the accessory pigments are located so the plant can absorb more light waves.
Term
Light reaction
Definition
conversion of water to NADPH and ATP.
Term
Light Independent reaction
Definition
conversion of NADPH and ATP to glucose.
Term
Photosystem
Definition
the protein complexes involved in photosynthesis.
Term
Granum
Definition
a thylakoid stack inside of the chloroplasts.
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