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BIOL1406-Unit 10
Circulatory & Pulmanary System
71
Biology
Undergraduate 1
04/02/2012

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Term
Technical name for platelets
Definition
Thrombocytes
Term
What is the function of platelets?
Definition
The function is the maintenance of hemostasis.
Term
What is plasma?
Definition
The straw-colored liquid component of blood in which the blood cells in whole blood are normally suspended. It makes up about 55% of the total blood volume.
Term
What substances can be found in plasma?
Definition
Water, salts, substances in transport, Plasma proteins (globulins, fibrogen, albumins)
Term
How is plasma different from serum?
Definition
Serum is plasma without fibrogen.
Term
How is plasma different from interstitial fluid?
Definition
Interstitial fluid is the tissue fluid found between cells in all animals.
Term
How is plasma different from lymph?
Definition
Lymph is a clear fluid that is formed from Interstitial fluid.
Term
A circulatory system consists of:
Definition
Blood, a pumping organ (heart), blood vessels
Term
Structure and function of arteries:
Definition
An elastic blood vessel that transports blood away from the heart. There are two main types: pulmonary arteries and systemic arteries. Pulmonary - carries blood from the heart to the lungs where the blood picks up oxygen. Systemic - delivers blood to the rest of the body.
Term
Structure and function of veins:
Definition
An elastic blood vessel that transports blood from various regions of the body to the heart. Four main types: pulmonary, systemic, superficial, and deep veins.
Term
Structure and function of capillaries:
Definition
An extremely small blood vessel located within the tissues of the body, that transports blood from arteries to veins.
Term
Structure and function of blood vessels:
Definition
Intricate networks of hollow tubes that transport blood throughout the entire body.
Term
Structure and function of the heart coverings:
Definition
NEED AN ANSWER
Term
Endocardium
Definition
the smooth thin membrane that lines the inner surface of the heart chambers.
Term
Structure and function of the heart valves:
Definition
flap-like structures that allow blood to flow in one direction.
Term
Brachiocephalic Veins
Definition
Two large veins that join to form the superior vena cava.
Term
Pulmonary Veins
Definition
Transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
Term
Common iliac Veins
Definition
Veins that join to form the inferior vena cava
Term
Venae Cavae
Definition
Transport de-oxygenated blood from various regions of the body to the heart.
Term
Subclavian Arteries
Definition
Supply oxygenated blood to the arms.
Term
Carotid Arteries
Definition
Supply oxygenated blood to the head and neck regions of the body.
Term
Brachiocephalic Artery
Definition
Carries oxygenated blood from the aorta to the head, neck and arm regions of the body.
Term
Aorta
Definition
The largest artery in the body of which most major arteries branch off from.
Term
Common iliac Arteries
Definition
Carry oxygenated blood from the abdominal aorta to the legs and feet.
Term
Coronary Arteries
Definition
Carry oxygenated and nutrient filled blood to the heart muscle.
Term
Pulmonary Artery
Definition
Carries de-oxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
Term
Cardiac Cycle
Definition
Sequence of events that occurs when the heart beats. There are two phases of the cardiac cycle. In the diastole phase, the heart ventricles are relaxed and the heart fills with blood. In the systole phase, the ventricles contract and pump blood to the arteries. One cardiac cycle is completed when the heart fills with blood and the blood is pumped out of the heart.
Term
Epicardium
Definition
The epicardium is a thin outer membrane of the heart wall and is also described as the inner most layer of the serous pericardium known as the visceral pericardium.
Term
Myocardium
Definition
the heart muscle itself, and varies in thickness depending on its location, being thin in the atria and thick in the ventricles.
Term
How many layers is the heart wall made up of?
Definition
Three layers: endocardium, myocardium and epicardium
Term
Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)
Definition
The pacemaker of the heart located in the right atrium of the heart.
Term
Factors that change the heart rate
Definition
Internal Factors, External Factors,
Disease
Term
Artificial pacemaker
Definition
A medical device which uses electrical impulses, delivered by electrodes contacting the heart muscles, to regulate the beating of the heart.
Term
What is blood pressure?
Definition
The pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of blood vessels, and is one of the principal vital signs.
Term
What blood vessel is typically used to measure blood pressure?
Definition
Brachial artery
Term
Systole
Definition
phase of the cardiac cycle in which the heart is contracting.
Term
Diastole
Definition
phase of the cardiac cycle in which the heart is relaxed.
Term
Atherosclerosis
Definition
a multifactorial disease that usually develops many years before any clinical symptoms are manifest; it is caused by risk factors such as hyperlipoproteinemia, highcholesterol diet, smoking, and diabetes mellitus. Clinical events include ischemic heart disease (coronary arteries), arterial occlusive disease (peripheral arteries), stroke (cerebral arteries), kidney failure (renal arteries), and aortic aneurism (aorta).
Term
Myocardial Infarction (i.e., heart attack)
Definition
results from the interruption of blood supply to a part of the heart, causing heart cells to die.
Term
Tachycardia
Definition
a faster than normal heart rate. A healthy adult heart normally beats 60 to 100 times a minute when a person is at rest.
Term
Circulatory system of Mollusks
Definition
Has an open circulatory system, meaning the blood does not circulate entirely within vessels but is collected from the gills, pumped through the heart, and released directly into spaces in the tissues from which it returns to the gills and then to the heart.
Term
Circulatory system of Earthworms
Definition
Circulates blood exclusively through vessels in a closed system. There are three main vessels that supply the blood to organs (aortic arches, dorsal blood vessels, and ventral blood vessels). The 5 pairs of aortic arches function like a human heart, and have the responsibility of pumping blood into the dorsal and ventral blood vessels. The dorsal blood vessels are responsible for carrying blood to the front of the body. The ventral blood vessels are responsible for carrying blood to the back of the body.
Term
Circulatory system of Flatworms
Definition
Get most of their oxygen through diffusion. Since they have no specialized circulatory system, their flatness gives them a greater surface area to absorb more oxygen.
Term
Circulatory system of Jellyfish
Definition
Do not have a specialized circulatory system. Jellyfish also do not have a brain, nervous system and digestive system. Skin is thin enough and so oxygenation takes place by direct diffusion.
Term
Circulatory system of Sponges
Definition
Do not possess a circulatory systems. They depend on maintaining a constant water flow through their bodies to obtain food and oxygen and to remove wastes, and the shapes of their bodies are adapted to maximize the efficiency of the water flow.
Term
Closed Cirulatory System
Definition
A type of circulatory system in which the blood flows through a continuous circuit of blood vessels
(annelids, cephlopods, & vertebrates)
Term
Open Circulatory System
Definition
A type of circulatory system in which the blood bathes the tissue directly.
(anthropods, mollusks)
Term
Cellular Compenents of Blood made in the body
Definition
include red corpuscles (erythrocytes), platelets (thrombocytes), and five types of white corpuscles (leukocytes).
Term
Function of the Cardiovascular System
Definition
The primary function of the is to circulate blood to all tissues of the body, in order that all cells receive their needed nutrients, and that their waste products can then be returned, through the venous system to the kidneys, liver and intestines for processing and excretion.
Term
Functional Unit of the Cardiovascular System
Definition
Capillaries
Term
Funtion of the blood
Definition
It carries oxygen to cells; waste (carbon dioxide, Urea and lactic acid - via diffusion) away from cells; & various disease-fighting cells such as the "white" blood cells.
Part of the body's self-repair mechanism (blood clotting after an open wound in order to stop bleeding - using 'Platelets')
Regulation of body PH. & core body temperature.
Term
Circulatory system of Echinoderms
Definition
Does not have a circulatory system, they have a hemal system which is thought to help distribute food to various parts of the body.
Term
Circulatory system of Vertebrates
Definition
Have a closed circulatory system in which the blood stays in the blood vessels and recirculates.
Term
Circulatory system of Anthropods
Definition
Have an open circulatory system consisting of a dorsal heart and a system of arteries that may be very limited (as in insects) or extensive (as in crabs). The arteries deliver blood into tissue spaces (hemocoels), from which it eventually drains back to a large pericardial sinus surrounding the heart. A varying number of paired openings (ostia) are located along the length of the heart and permit blood to flow in when the valves are open.
Term
Which white blood cells do not have granules?
Definition
Monocytes, Lymphoctes
Term
Types of white blood cells
Definition
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Monocytes, Lymphoctes
Term
Which type of white blood cell has granules in their cytoplasm?
Definition
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils
Term
Function of red blood cells
Definition
The primary function of is to carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues around your body. As a secondary function, they are also a key player in getting waste carbon dioxide from your tissues to your lungs, where it can be breathed out.
Term
Technical name for white blood cells
Definition
Leukocytes
Term
General functions of white blood cells
Definition
responsible for killing virus infected cells, consuming our own dead cells in the blood stream, coagulating blood in the case of open wounds/bleeds, producing antibodies that provide protection against virus and bacteria, and in certain cases helps kill off tumor cells as well.
Term
Technical name for red blood cells
Definition
Erythrocytes
Term
Bradycardia
Definition
any rhythm disorder with a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute.
Term
Fibrillation
Definition
most common cardiac arrhythmia (irregular heart beat). It may cause no symptoms, but it is often associated with palpitations, fainting, chest pain, or congestive heart failure.
Term
Heart Block
Definition
a disease in the electrical system of the heart.
Term
Thrombus
Definition
or blood clot, is the final product of the blood coagulation step in hemostasis.
Term
Embolus
Definition
any detached, traveling intravascular mass (solid, liquid, or gaseous) carried by circulation, which is capable of clogging arterial capillary beds (create an arterial occlusion) at a site distant from its point of origin.
Term
Pulmonary embolism
Definition
a blockage of the main artery of the lung or one of its branches by a substance that has travelled from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream (embolism).
Term
Varicose veins
Definition
arteries are veins that have become enlarged and tortuous.
Term
the path that a blood cell would travel from the body through the heart, and back to the body.
Definition
veins (from organs) -> right atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary arteries -> capillaries in the lungs -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> left
ventricle -> aorta -> arteries (to organs) -> arterioles -> capillaries -> veins
Term
which regions carry oxygenated blood
Definition
veins (from organs) -> right atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary arteries -> capillaries in the lungs
Term
which regions carry deoxygenated blood
Definition
pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> left
ventricle -> aorta -> arteries (to organs) -> arterioles -> capillaries -> veins
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