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Biofilm
Micro lab exam
16
Biology
Undergraduate 3
11/10/2011

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Term
Biofilm
Definition
aggregates of bacteria attached to a surface encased in a structured (3-D) polysaccharide matrix 
Term
How many different types of bacteria can be found in a biofilm production?
Definition
It can be one type of bacteria or multiple species 
Term
What do the bacteria in the biofilm secrete?
Definition
polysaccharide matrix
Term
Formation of Biofilm 
Definition
  1. Planktonic (free swimming) bacteria 
  2. Bacteria become attached to surface
  3. Micro-colony is formed 
  4. Polysaccharide matrix is secreted, encasing bacteria (sessile)
Term
Gene expression
Definition
Different genes are expressed when bacteria are in planktonic vs. sessile state 
Term
Planktonic state
Definition
Use flagella and pilli to attach and move 
Term
Sessile state
Definition
Supress the genes expressing for flagella and pilli and increase gene expression for polysaccharide and exopolysaccharide genes 
Term
Extracellular communication
Definition
Quorum sensing affects whether biofilm form 
Term
Under what conditions will favor biofilm formation
Definition
when cyclic di-GMP level is high
Term
Less favorable conditions of biofilm formation?
Definition
when cylic di-GMP level is low → planktonic state
Term
How is biofilm formed?
Definition
Formed by GGDEF protein 
Term
How is cyclic-di GMP broken down?
Definition
EAL protein
Term
What is the advantage of bioflim formation?
Definition

1. Due to close proximity increase frequency of lateral gene transfer (horizontal gene transfer) thru conjugation thus they are more resistant to antibiotic. 

2. Can gain virulence factor

Term
where do bioflim form?
Definition
teeth, rocks in streams, cathers/ IV, and water pipes 
Term
Life in biofilm
Definition
  1. although most bacteria are trapped, some planktonic bacteria can swim around. 
  2. Growth rate decreases
  3. Decrease in susceptibility to antibiotics and detergents 
  4. Bacteria can become planktonic by Lyase= enzyme that degraded polysaccharide 
Term
what is the enzyme that degrades polysaccharide?
Definition
Lyase
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