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Biodiversity
Chapter 31 vocab
36
Biology
Undergraduate 1
03/16/2011

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Term
yeast
Definition
single-celled fungus that reproduces asexually by binary fission or by the pinching of small buds off a parent cell; some species exhibit cell fusion between different mating types.
Term
hypha
Definition
one of many connected filaments that collectively make up the mycelium of a fungus
Term
chitin
Definition
a structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers, found in many fungal cell walls and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods.
Term
mycelium
Definition
the densely branched network of hyphae in a fungus
Term
septum
Definition
one of the cross0walls that divide a fungal hypha into cells. septa generally have pores large enough to allow ribosomes, mitochondria, and even nuclei to flow from cell to cell.
Term
coenocytic fungus
Definition
a fungus that lacks septa and hence whose body is made up of a continuous cytoplasmic mass that may contain hundreds or thousands of nuclei
Term
haustorium
Definition
in certain symbiotic fungi, a specialized hypha that can penetrate the tissues of host organisms.
Term
mycorrhizae
Definition
a mutualistic association of plant roots and fungus
Term
Ectomycorrhizal fungus
Definition
a symbiotic fungus that forms sheaths of hyphae over the surface of plant roots and also grows into extracellular spaces of the root cortex
Term
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Definition
a symbiotic fungus whose hyphae grow through the cell wall of plant roots and extend into the root cell (enclosed in tubes formed by invagination of the root cell plasma membrane)
Term
pheromone
Definition
in animals and fungi, a small molecule released into the environment that functions in communication between members of the same species. in animals, it acts much like a hormone in influencing physiology and behavior.
Term
plasmogamy
Definition
the fusion of the cytoplasm of cells from two individuals; occurs as one stage of syngamy
Term
heterokaryon
Definition
a fungal mycelium that contains two or more haploid nuclei per cell.
Term
dikaryotic
Definition
referring to a fungal mycelium with two haploid nuclei per cell, one from each parent
Term
karyogamy
Definition
the fusion of two nuclei, as part of a syngamy (fertilization)
Term
mold
Definition
informal term for a fungus that grows as a filamentous fungus, producing haploid spores by mitosis and forming a visible mycelium
Term
deuteromycete
Definition
traditional classification for a fungus with no known sexual stage. when a sexual stage for a so-called ___ is discovered, the species is assigned to a phylum.
Term
opisthokont
Definition
member of the diverse clade ___, organisms that descended from an ancestor with a posterior flagellum, including fungi, animals, and certain protists.
Term
nucleariid
Definition
member of a group of unicellular, ameoboid protists that are more closely related to fungi than they are to other protists
Term
chytrid
Definition
member of the fungal phylum ___, mostly aquatic fungi with flagellated zoospores that represent an early-diverging fungal lineage.
Term
zoospore
Definition
flagellated spore found in chytrid fungi and some protists
Term
zygomycete
Definition
member of the fungal phylum ___, characterized by the formation of a sturdy structure called a zygosporangium during sexual reproduction.
Term
zygosporangium
Definition
in zygomycete fungi, a sturdy multinucleate structure in which karyogamy and meiosis occur
Term
glomeromycete
Definition
member of the fungal phylum ___, characterized by a distinct branching form of mycorrhizae (mutualistic relationships with plant roots) called arbuscular mycorrhizae
Term
ascomycete
Definition
member of the fungal phylum ___, commonly called sac fungus. the name comes from the saclike structure in which the spores develop
Term
sac fungus
Definition
another word for ascomete
Term
ascocarp
Definition
the fruiting body of a sac fungus
Term
conidium
Definition
a haploid spore produced at the tip of a specialized hypha in ascomycetes during asexual reproduction
Term
basidiomycete
Definition
member of the fungal phylum ___, commonly called club fungus. the name comes from the club-like shape of the basidium.
Term
basidium
Definition
a reproductive appendage that produces sexual spores on the gills of mushrooms (club fungi)
Term
club fungi
Definition
another word for basidiomycetes
Term
basidiocarp
Definition
elaborate fruiting body of a dikaryotic mycelium of a club fungus
Term
endophyte
Definition
a fungus that lives inside a leaf or other plant part without causing harm to the plant
Term
lichen
Definition
the symbiotic collective formed by the mutualistic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic alga or cyanobacterium
Term
soredium
Definition
in lichens, a small cluster of fungal hyphae with embedded algae.
Term
mycosis
Definition
general term for a fungal infection
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