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Biochemistry
biochem
52
Biology
10th Grade
10/08/2007

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Term
Matter
Definition
anything that takes up space and is made of atoms
Term
element
Definition
the simplest form of matter, you cannot break up an element any further
Term
Trace Element
Definition
an amount of element that is .01% or less
Term
Compound
Definition
2 or more elements bonded together
Term
Atom
Definition
the smallest purest form of matter
Term
Protons
Definition
A subparticle of an atom, positive charge
Term
Electrons
Definition
a subparticle of an atom negative charge
Term
Nuetrons
Definition
a subparticle of an atom 0 charge
Term
Nuecleus
Definition
the center of the atoms holds both protons and nuetrons
Term
Atomic number
Definition
the number of protons/electrons
Term
Bond
Definition
Any of several forces or mechanisms, especially the ionic bond, covalent bond, and metallic bond, by which atoms or ions are bound in a molecule or crystal.
Term
Ionic Bond
Definition
A chemical bond that occurs when an atom transfers an electron to another atom
Term
Covalent Bond
Definition
the bond formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons by two atoms
Term
Molecule
Definition
two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
Term
Polar Molecule
Definition
Molecules in which opposite ends have opposite eletric charges
Term
H Bond
Definition
a bond created by the weak attraction of a slighty postive hydrogen atom to a slighty negative portion of a molecule
Term
Cohesion
Definition
the tendecy of molecules of the same kind to stick to one another
Term
Adhesion
Definition
the tendency of two molecules of different kinds to stick to each other
Term
Surface Tension
Definition
the elasticlike force existing in the surface of a body, esp. a liquid, tending to minimize the area of the surface, caused by asymmetries in the intermolecular forces between surface molecules
Term
Soultion
Definition
a uniform mixture of 2 or more substances
Term
Soulute
Definition
a substance in a soultion that is dissolved and is present in a lesser amount
Term
Solvent
Definition
a substance in a soultion that dissolves the other substance and is present in a greater amount
Term
Aqueous Solution
Definition
a solution in water
Term
pH scale
Definition
a range of numbers used to describe how acidic or basic a solution is. ranges from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic)
Term
Acid
Definition
a compound that domates H + ions to an aqueous solution and measures less then 7 on the pH scale (orange juice)
Term
Base
Definition
a compound that removes H+ ions from an aqueous soultion and meausures move than seven on the pH scale
Term
Organic Molecules
Definition
a carbon based molecule usually carbon is bonded with a hydrogen
Term
Functional Groups
Definition
a group of atoms within a molecule that intersects in predictable ways with other molecules
Term
Organic Macromolecule
Definition
a giant carbon based molecule
Term
Polymer
Definition
a long chain of small moleculer units (monomers)
Term
Dehydration Reaction
Definition
a chemical reaction that involves the loss of water from the reacting molecule.
Term
Hydrolysis
Definition
decomposition of a chemical compound by reaction with water, such as the dissociation of a dissolved salt or the catalytic conversion of starch to glucose.
Term
Carbohydrate
Definition
an organic compound made of sugar molecules
Term
Monosacchride
Definition
sugar containing one sugar unit (glucose,fructose, and ribose)
Term
Disacchride
Definition
sugar containing 2 Monosacchrides (lactose and sucrose)
Term
Polysacchride
Definition
a long polymer chain made up of simple sugar monomers, Any of a class of carbohydrates, such as starch and cellulose, consisting of a number of monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bonds.
Term
lipids
Definition
one class of hydrophobic compounds such as fat,oil,lard, and krispie kream dounuts
Term
Fatty Acids
Definition
a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid often with a long unbranched aliphatic tail (chain), which is either saturated or unsaturated
Term
Glycerol
Definition
a colorless, odorless, syrupy, sweet liquid, C3H8O3, usually obtained by the saponification of natural fats and oils: used for sweetening and preserving food, in the manufacture of cosmetics, perfumes, inks, and certain glues and cements, as a solvent and automobile antifreeze, and in medicine in suppositories and skin emollients.
Term
Proteins
Definition
a polymer constructed from a set of 20 amino acid monomers
Term
Amino Acids
Definition
a monomer that makes up proteins; contains carboxyl and amino functional groups
Term
Nuecleic Acids
Definition
A nucleic acid is a macromolecule composed of nucleotide chains. In biochemistry these molecules carry genetic information or form structures within cells. The most common nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Term
Nuecleotides
Definition
building block(monomer)of nueclic acid polymers
Term
Bioret's Soultion
Definition
a test that indicates the presence of proteins
Term
Lugol's Solution
Definition
a test that indicates starch (lugol's iodine)
Term
Benedict's Solution
Definition
a test for indicating the presence of sugar
Term
Enzymes
Definition
a specialized proteins that catalyzes the chemical reactions of a cell
Term
Substrate
Definition
a specific reactant acted on by an enzyme
Term
Active Site
Definition
region of an enzyme into which a particular substrate fits
Term
Denatured
Definition
loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factors
Term
Steroid
Definition
a liquid molecule with four fused carbon rings
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