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Biochemistry
atomic level interactions, H2O, organic compounds, enzymes
11
Biology
Undergraduate 1
03/20/2008

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Cards

Term

 

 

Characteristics

of

Water

Definition
  1. high specific heat
  2. high heat of evaporation
  3. universal solvent
  4. cohesion tension
    - transpirational pull
    - capillary action
    - surface tension
  5. liquid less dense than ice (insulates water beneath)
Term

 

 

 

pH

Definition
  • the negative log of H+ in moles/liter
  • 0-7 = acidic
    more H+ (ETC)
  • 7-14 = basic
    less H+
Term

 

 

 

Carbohydrates

(mono/disaccharides)

 

 

 

Definition
  • monosaccharides: C6H12O6
    - glucose, galactose, fructose
  • disaccharides: dehydration synthasis
    - glucose + glucose --> maltose + H2O
    - glucose + galactose --> lactose + H2O
    - glucose + fructose --> sucrose + H2O
Term

 

 

 

 Carbohydrates

(polysaccharides)

Definition
  • STRUCTURAL:
    - cellulose (plant walls)
    - chitin (exoskeleton)
  • STORAGE:
    - starch (plant roots, etc)
    - glycogen (stored in livers)
Term

 

 

 

Lipids

Definition
  • fats, oils, waxes
  • *steroids: cholesterol*
  • 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids
    structure = phospholipids
  • saturated: all single bonds (-)
    - bad fat; solid at room temp
  • unsaturated: some doubles (=)
    - good fat; liquid at room temp
Term

 

 

 

Proteins

Definition
  • amino acids (peptide bonds) --> polymers
  • carboxyl group + amine group + R group
  • growth and repair
  • signaling
  • defense
  • catalyzing chemical reactions
  • meat and nuts
Term

 

 

 

Lipids
(structure)

Definition
  1. peptide bonds: linear sequence of amino acids
  2. hydrogen bonds: alpha helix or beta sheets
  3. hydrogen bonds: R groups of amino acids
    ionic bonds: R groups
    disulfide bonds: cysteine (s)
    hydrophobic interaction
    van der waals interaction
  4. one+ polypeptide chain (same as 3)
Term

 

 

 

Nucleic Acids

Definition
  • nucleotides 
  • phosphate + 5-C sugar + nitrogenous base
     
  • DNA and RNA
  • A-T, C-G, (A-U)
Term

 

 

 

Functional Groups

Definition
  • Amino
  • Carboxyl
  • Hydroxyl: alcohol
  • Carbonyl: aldehyde and ketone
  • Sulfhydryl: thiol
  • Phosphate
Term

 

 

 

Enzymes

Definition
  • laws of thermodynamics
  • exothermic = -G

    [image]

  • endothermic = +G
    [image]
Term

 

 

 

Enzymes

Definition
  • proteins at tertiary structure
  • induced-fit model, NOT lock-and-key
  • competitive inhibition: replaces substrate at active site
  • non-competitive: allosteric, feedback, operons
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