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Biochemistry Vocab & ID
Ch. 2-3 Biochem Vocab & ID
25
Biology
10th Grade
02/25/2010

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Term
Organic Compound
Definition
Organic - Compounds that contain Carbon.
Term
Inorganic Compound
Definition
Inorganic - Do not contain Carbon. (except CO2)
Term
Dehydration Synthesis
Definition

Dehydration Synthesis - Linking of monomers together to form polymers. - Loses water molecule.

Term
Hydrolysis
Definition

Hydrolysis - Macromolecules are broken down to monomers & gains water.

 

- Opposite of Dehydration Synthesis.

Term
Fructose
Definition
Fructose - A monosaccharide found in fruits.
Term
Cellulose
Definition
Cellulose (Polysaccharide Carbohydrate) - Component of cell wall in plants.
Term
Phospholipid
Definition
Phospholipid - Phosphorus molecules attached to cell membranes. - Hydrophobic & hydrophilic regions.
Term
Amino Acid
Definition
Amino Acid - Subunit of Proteins.
Term
Glucose
Definition
Glucose - Monosaccharide simple sugar plants produce.
Term
Galactose
Definition
Galactose - Monosaccharide found in milk.
Term
Starch
Definition
Starch (Polysaccharide Carbohydrate) - Found in plants that store excess sugar.
Term
Monosaccharide
Definition
Monosaccharide - Monomer of Carbohydrates.
Term
Enzyme
Definition
Enzyme - Protein catalyst that assists chemical reactions.
Term
Nucleotide
Definition
Nucleotide - Monomer of DNA. - Source of chemical energy.
Term
Sucrose
Definition
Sucrose (Disaccharide Carbohydrate) - Glucose + Fructose (table sugar)
Term
Maltose
Definition
Maltose (Disaccharide Carbohydrate) - Glucose + Glucose (malt sugar)
Term
Lactose
Definition
Lactose (Disaccharide Carbohydrate) - Glucose + Galactose (milk sugar)
Term
Saturated Fat
Definition
Saturated Fat (Lipid) - Carbon atoms are single bonded.
Term
Unsaturated Fat
Definition
Unsaturated Fat (Lipid) - Chain contains at least 1 double Carbon bond. 
Term
Polymer
Definition
Polymer - Large compounds made of monomers through chemical bonds. - Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acid.
Term
Protein
Definition
Protein - Monomer: Amino acids. - Amino group & Carboxial group & R Group. - Carry out chemical reactions. - Cell movement.
Term
Carbohydrate
Definition
Carbohydrate - Monomer is Monosaccharide. - Function: main source of energy.
Term
Glycerol + Fatty Acid Chain
Definition
Glycerol + Fatty Acid Chain - Polymer of Lipids.
Term
Peptide
Definition
Peptide - Covalent bond that joins amino acids.
Term
Glycogen
Definition
Glycogen - Animals store excess sugar in liver & muscles.
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