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Biochemistry Cell Membranes
Phospholipids, Cholesterol, Membrane Proteins
21
Biology
Graduate
08/19/2010

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Term
Phospholipid 
Definition

Hydrophobic head

2 FA tails

Inserted in PM

Term
Glycerophospholipid
Definition
[image]Polar head, 2 FA tails, glycerol backbone
Term
Sphingolipid
Definition

[image]

Polar head, 1 FA tail with a sphingosine backbone

Term
Ceramide
Definition

[image]

sphingosine + 1 FA tail

Term
Sphingomyelin
Definition

[image]

sphingolipid

ceramide, phosphate, choline

(similar to phosphotidylcholine)

Term
Sphingosine
Definition
[image]
Term
Glycolipid
Definition

[image]

sugar, sphingomyelin, FA

NO PHOSPHATE

 

Term
Cerebroside
Definition

[image]

glycolipid: glc/gal + ceramide

found in nerve tissue and brain cell membranes

Term
Multiple Sclerosis
Definition

  • myelin sheath (made of sphingomyelin and galactocerebroside) is destroyed by person's immune system
  • decreases ability to conduct nerve signal
  • affects vision, sensation, coordination, movement, bladder and bowel
  • symptoms are episodic at first and worsen over time

Term
Niemann Pick
Definition

  • type A and B
    • deficiency in sphingomyelinase causes accumulation in spleen, liver, lungs, bone marrow, brain
  • type C
    • buildup of cholesterol or glycolipids in liver, spleen, neural cells
  • progressive neurological impairment
    • life expectancy varies with severity and age of onset

Term
Types of integral membrane protein
Definition

  • monotopic
  • single pass
  • multi pass
  • multisubunit
  • FA anchor
  • GPI anchor

Term
FA Anchored Integral Membrane Proteins
Definition

  • Inner leaflet only
  • Growth signaling--must be connected to PM
  • 3 types FA

Term
Myristic Acid
Definition

attaches to glycine on N terminus

14 carbons

Term
Prenyl
Definition

attaches to cysteine on C terminus

Farnesyl

Geranyl Geranyl

Term
Farnesyl
Definition
15 C FA involved in prenylation 
Term
Geranyl Geranyl
Definition
20 carbon FA involved in prenylation
Term
Palmitic Acid
Definition

attaches to internal cysteine

16 carbons

usually involved with proteins that have been prenylated or myristolated to increase anchoring in PM

Term
3 types of movement for glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids in PM
Definition

  1. Lateral diffusion
  2. Rotation
  3. Transverse diffusion--flippase

Term
Cholesterol
Definition

can comprise 50% of total lipids in PM

even distribution on both faces

restricts movements of phospholipids

decrease fluidity and permeability to small molecules

[image]

Term
Factors of membrane fluidity
Definition

  • short chain FA- increase fluidity
  • unsaturation-increase fluidity
  • increase temp increase fluidity
  • cholesterol decreases fluidity

Term
Glycocalyx
Definition

[image]

sugars in ECM adsorb water to cushion cells and to provide chemical and mechanical support

common on RBC, epithelial cells, and platelets

important in clotting and sperm-egg interactions

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