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Bio: Chap. 4
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7
Biology
Undergraduate 1
02/15/2009

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Term
organic chemistry
Definition

the study of carbon compounds

Term
hydrocarbons
Definition

Organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen

Term
Isomers
Definition

compounds that have the same numbers of atoms of the same elements but different structures/properties

Term
structural isomers
Definition

differ in covalent partners

Term
geometric isomers
Definition

differ in arrangement about a double bond.

Term
Enantiomers
Definition

isomers that are mirror images of each other; they differ in spatial arrangement around the asymmetric carbon, resulting in molecules that are mirror images, like left and right hands.  The two isomers are designated L (levo) and D (dextro) isomers.  They CANNOT be superimposed on each other.

Term
Funtional Groups
Definition

a specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.

 

7 most important: hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, sulfhydryl, phosphate, and methyl groups

 

All but methyl are hydrophilic functional groups

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