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bio
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76
Biology
Professional
10/21/2014

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Every second how many childern are born
Definition
4-5
Term
How many people die persecond?
Definition
1-2
Term
How many people are thier in the world?
Definition
7billion
Term
Current growth rate:
Definition
1.3
Term

 

 people added per year

Definition
79 million
Term
87% of Brazil's 203 million people live in
Definition
Urban areas
Term
Some believe that population growth is the ultimate cause of
Definition
poverty and environmental degradation.
Term
Others argue that poverty, environmental degradation, and overpopulation are all merely symptoms of
Definition
deeper social and political factors.
Term
what does Thomas Malthus think will happen?:
Definition
Humans will outstrip food supply and collapse into starvation, crime, & misery
Term
what does Karl Marx think will happen?:
Definition
population growth result of poverty, resource depletion, pollution, & other social ills
Term

By 2100, if current trends continue, 

---------- miserable humans will suffer a difficult life on Earth.”

by: David piemen

Definition
twelve billion
Term
1970 how many calories where then taking a day?:
Definition
2,435 calories/person/day
Term
in 2010 how many carloies where eatin per day?:
Definition
3,130 calories/person/day
Term

 I = PAT formula: 

 
Definition
calculate Impact of our population
Term
Ecological footprint:
Definition
estimate of amount of productive land required to support each of us
Term
Bangladesh has how many people? –
Definition
153 Million People
Term

n Zimbabwe, Botswana, Zambia, and Namibia, up to how many percent has aids and hiv

 
Definition
39% of the adult population have AIDS or are HIV positive.
Term
Fertility varies:
Definition
among cultures and at different times
Term
Total fertility rate:
Definition
number of children born to an average woman in a population during her reproductive life
Term
  • What cultural factors play a role?
Definition
  • Supporting elderly parents
  • Societal status
  • Sense of pride, accomplishemtn
  • Help with current income, chores
  • Desire
  • Lack of contraceptives
Term
Family planning allows couples to determine
Definition
the number and spacing of their children.
Term
Biodiversity:
Definition
diversity of organisms in an area
Term
Genetic diversity:
Definition
measure of the variety of versions of the same genes within individual species.
Term
Species diversity:
Definition
describes the number of different kinds of organisms within a community or ecosystem.
Term
Ecological diversity:
Definition
refers to the richness and complexity of a biological community.
Term

How many  invertebrates are thier?

 

Definition
990,000
Term
how many  beetles are thier?
Definition
290,000
Term
nearly----- species
Definition
8 million
Term
nearly ----  speices to be found
Definition
90%
Term
Food –
Definition
80,000 wild plants used by humans!
Term
Medicine –
Definition
pharmeceuticals, etc. from plants, animals & microbes valued at $30 billion/year!
Term
Pollination –
Definition
bees, moths, bats pollinate most crops
Term
Ecosystem stability –
Definition
diverse communities better able to survive disturbance
Term
Pest control –
Definition
95% of pests controlled by natural predators – ladybugs eat aphids – crop pest
Term
Aesthetics & enjoyment –
Definition
fishing, hunting, hiking, bird watching, etc.
Term
Extinction-
Definition
the elimination of a species
Term
what does HIPPO STAND FOR?
Definition

Habitat destruction

 Invasive species

 Pollution

 Population of humans

 Overharvesting

Term
Habitat fragmentation:
Definition
reduction of habitat into small, isolated patches
Term
Invasive species:
Definition

organisms that thrive in new territory where they are free of     :Predators

Diseases

Resource limitations

Term
Zebra Mussels –
Definition
Exotic Competitor
Term

Global population has doubled in 40 years FROM

 

Definition
3.5 billion to about 7 billion
Term
Overharvesting:
Definition
taking more individuals than reproduction can replace
Term
------of all commercial oceanic species are overharvested!
Definition
3/4
Term

------ roamed North American plains in 1600

 
Definition

60 MILLION

 
Term
By 1890 – Buffalo nearly
Definition
extinct
Term

Tasks of the ESA include providing:

 

Definition

(1) criteria for identifying species at risk 

(2) directions for planning for their recovery 

(3) assistance to land owners to help them find ways to meet both economic needs and the needs of a rare species 

(4) enforcement of measures for protecting species and their habitat

Term
U.S. has over---ENDAGERED OR THREATEND
Definition
U.S. has over 1,300 Endangered or Threatened Species
Term
Keystone species:
Definition
elimination would greatly impact many other species
Term
Indicator species:
Definition
tied to specific communities or environmental conditions
Term
Umbrella species:
Definition
require large blocks of undisturbed
Term
Flagship species:
Definition
attractive speices to which people react emotionally
Term
REDD:
Definition
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation in developing countries
Term
Forest:
Definition
any area where trees cover > 10% of land
Term
Old-Growth forests:
Definition
those that have been undisturbed by human activities so trees can live natural life cycle
Term
Developed countries produce less than half of all industrial wood, but account for about  of consumption
Definition
80%
Term
Paper pulp is the
Definition
fastest growing forest product
Term
Monoculture forestry –
Definition
single species forests for single use types
Term

Logging for valuable 

 
Definition
tropical hardwoods, such as teak and mahogany.
Term
Costa Rica as one of the best f
Definition
orest protection plans – Dan Janzen
Term
Clearcutting:
Definition
Every tree in a given area is cut, regardless of size
Term
Shelterwood harvesting:
Definition
mature trees are removed in a series of two or more cuts
Term
Strip-cutting (group cut):
Definition
all trees in a narrow corridor are harvested
Term
Selective cutting:
Definition
only a small % of the mature trees are taken in each 10- or 20-year rotation.
Term

Most timber in the U.S. and Canada is harvested by

 
Definition
clear-cutting
Term
President Clinton (‘01):
Definition

 put a stop to the road building

Protested by land developers, logging, mining, & energy companies

Term
President George W. Bush:
Definition

reinstated road building

Ordered expedited logging, mining, & motorized recreation

Term
President Obama (‘09):
Definition

reinstated the roadless rule

Noted that act protects habitat of 1,600 endangered species & watersheds for 60 million people

Term
Jack Pines:
Definition
Require fire for cones to open and release seeds
Term
Kirtland’s Warbler:
Definition
endangered   bird whose main breeding range is in Jack Pine stand in lower MI
Term
Desertification may occur due to
Definition

 overgrazing —especially arid areas

Converts fertile land to desert

Term
Pastoralists  can adjust number &
Definition
location of animals based on monitoring of range conditions
Term
Rotational Grazing—
Definition
confining animals to a small area for a short time (1-2 days) before relocating
Term
Raise native species (e.g. elk) –
Definition
more efficient foragers, more disease resistant, don’t require as much care
Term
Nearly----of earth’s land area of the earth is protected in some sort of park, preserve, or wildlife management area
Definition
13%
Term
Coral reefs one of the most diverse ecosystems in the world…
Definition
But… also the most threatened
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