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BIO4: Chapter 1: Populations
Populations bro
27
Biology
Not Applicable
11/15/2012

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Term
Processes to consider within an ecosystem. (2)
Definition
- the flow of energy through the system
-the cycling of elements within the system.
Term
Population.
Definition
a group of interbreeding organisms of one species in a habitat
Term
Community.
Definition
all the populations of different organisms living and interacting in a particular place at the same time.
Term
Habitat.
Definition
a place where a community of organisms live.
Term
Ecological niche.
Definition
this refers to where an organism lives and what it does there.

(including all the biotic and abiotic conditions required for an organism to survive, reproduce and maintain a viable population)
Term
Factors to consider when using quadrats. (3)
Definition
- Size of quadrat.
-the number of sample quadrats to record within the study area
- the position of each quadrat within the study area.
Term
Sampling techniques in the study of habitats. (2)
Definition
- random sampling using frame or point quadrats.
- systematic sampling along transects.
Term
Abundance.
Definition
the number of individuals of a species within a given space.
Term
Frequency.
Definition
the likelihood of a particular species occurring in a quadrat.
Term
Percentage cover.
Definition
an estimate of the area within a quadrat that a particular plant species covers.
Term
Abiotic factors.
Definition
non-living part of the environment
Term
Biotic factors.
Definition
the activities of living organisms which includes competition and predation.
Term
Abiotic conditions that influence size of population.
Definition
- Temperature
- Light
- pH
- Water and humidity
Term
Intraspecific competition.
Definition
this occurs when individuals of the SAME species compete with one another for resources.
Term
Interspecific competition.
Definition
this occurs when individuals of DIFFERENT species compete for resources.
Term
Predation.
Definition
this occurs when one organism is consumed by another.
Term
Summary of relationship between predators and their prey-- and its effect on population size. (6)
Definition
- Predators eat their prey, reducing population of prey.
- Fewer prey available= predators in greater competition with each other.
- Predator population decreases (as some are unable to obtain enough prey for survival)
- Fewer predators= fewer prey eaten
- Prey population increases.
- More prey= predator population increases.
Term
Major and relatively recent events which lead to explosion in human population. (2)
Definition
- Development of agriculture.
- development of manufacturing and trade that created the industrial revolution.
Term
Migration.
Definition
when individuals move from one population to another.
Term
Immigration.
Definition
where individuals join a population from outside.
Term
Emigration.
Definition
where individuals leave a population.
Term
Factors which affect birth rate. (5)
Definition
-economic conditions
- cultural and religious backgrounds
- social pressures and conditions
- birth control
- political factors
Term
Factors which affect death rate. (7)
Definition
- age profile
- life expectancy at birth
- food supply
- safe drinking water and effective sanitation
- medical care
- natural disasters
-war
Term
The assumptions that the mark-release-recapture technique relies on. (5)
Definition
- proportion of marked to unmarked individuals in the second sample is the same as proportion of marked to unmarked individuals in the population

-marked individuals released from 1st sample distribute themselves evenly amongst the remain of the population

-Population has a definite boundary-- NO IMMIGRATION into or EMIGRATION out of the population.

- There are a few (if any) deaths and births within the population.

- marking is not toxic to individual nor does it make them more liable to predation.

- mark or label is not lost or rubbed off during the investigation
Term
Describe a stable population pyramid. (1)
Definition
the birth and death rate are balance so there is no increase or decrease in the population size.
Term
Describe an increasing population pyramid. (1)
Definition
there is a high birth rate, giving a wider base to the pyramid (comp. to stable) and fewer older people, giving a narrower apex.

*this type of population is typically of economically less developed countries
Term
Describe a decreasing population pyramid. (1)
Definition
there is a lower birth rate= narrower pyramid base and a lower mortality rate leading to more elderly people= wide apex to the pyramid.

*this type of population occurs in certain economically more developed countries
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