chemical energy

energy stored in chemical substances

an example is ATP

used to run almost all functional processes

electrical energy

electrical currents are generated when

ions (charged particles)

move across or along cell membrane

mechanical energy

is directly involved in moving matter

when riding a bike our legs provide

mechanical energy to push the pedals

Radiant energy

or

electromagnetic energy

is energy that travels in waves

(these waves which vary in length are collectively called

electromagnetic spectrum)

kinetic energy

energy in action constant movement

of tiniest particles of matter (atoms) as well

as larger objects bouncing ball

elements

unique substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods.

atoms

each element is composed of more or less identical particles or building blocks, called atoms

protons (p^₊)

heavy particles

contained in the nucleus

  bear a positive electrical charge

the number of protons is always equal to the number or electrons in an atom

(indirectly tells us the number of electrons)

neutrons (n°)

are neutral

heavy particles

contained in the nucleus

nucleus

contains protons and neutrons

surrounded by electrons

electrons (e-)

bear a negative charge  equal in strength to the positive charge of the proton

atomic number

is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus

is written as a subscript to the left of its atomic symbol

mass number

the sum of the masses of its protons and neutrons