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Bio204
Lecture 4 - Berta
14
Biology
Undergraduate 3
12/14/2010

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Term
Amniote Egg (Yolk sac + 3 membranes) & Significance
Definition
Yolk sac plus 3 membranes
1. Amnion: Fluid that cushions embryo
2. Allantois: Waste elimination + Respiration
3. Chorion: Respiration

Significance of this egg was that it developed dermal and epidermal scales to prevent it from drying (Innovation for land dwelling)
Term
Reptilia: 3 main lineages
Definition
1. Chelonia
2. Lepidosauria
3. Archosauria
Term
Chelonia examples
Definition
Turtles and Tortoises
Term
Lepidosauria - Two types & examples
Definition
Squamata (Lizards, snakes, geckos, chameleons, skinks)
Sphenodon (Tuartara)
Term
Archosauria -Two types and examples
Definition
Crocodylia (Crocodiles, alligators)
Aves (Birds)
Term
Squamata (snake) characteristics
Definition
-Limbless
-Carnivorous
-venomous (rattlesnake) -has heat sensitive pits - nerve endings - teeth modified as fangs
-nonvenomous (Python) - uses constriction
Term
Why is Tuartara a conservation priority?
Definition
-Living fossil
-Only 2 species in lineage
Term
Snapomorphies for Archosauria
Definition
1. 4 chambered heart
2. Nest Building
3. Parental Care
4. Legs Under Body
Term
Benefits of a 4-chambered heart
Definition
-Oxygen rich blood separated from Oxygen poor blood
-Oxygen delivery enhanced: Important for endotherms since need more oxygen per body weight than other vertebrates of equal size
Term
Birds Evolved from___
Definition
Saurischians
Term
Birds Evolved from___
Definition
Saurischians
Term
Evidence that Dinosaurs were warm blooded (endothermy)
Definition
-Limb morphology (Legs under body)
-Dinosaur relatives - Birds unquestionably warm blooded therefore likely dinos were too
Term
Evidence that Dinosaurs were cold blooded (ectothermy)
Definition
-Dinosaurs lack respiratory turbinates (narrow ectotherm-like nasal passages
Term
Extinction of Dinosaurs caused most likely by _____ and evidence
Definition
-Asteroid/Bollide Impact
-Thin layer of iridium that separates sediments from the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras
-Iridium is very rare on earth but common in extraterrestrial objects that fall to earth
-Extinction effects larger vertebrates more
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