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Bio204
Lecture 12 - Berta
9
Biology
Undergraduate 3
12/14/2010

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Term
Name the 3 main lineages of Primates
Definition
1. Lemurs, lorises, and pottos
2. Tarsiers
3. Anthropoids
Term
Groups of Anthropoids
Definition
Anthropoids- monkeys, hominoids-apes and humans
Term
Primate: Derived Characters
Definition
Most Primates
-Have hands and feet adapted for grasping
Primates Also have:
-A large brain and short jaws
-Forward-looking eyes close together on the face, providing depth perception
-Well-Developed parental care and complex social behavior
-A fully opposable thumb (anthropoids only)
Term
Hominids
Definition
-Humans and their relatives
-Evolved 7-8mya in Africa
Term
Brain enlargement
Definition
-Early homo, 2.4 mya and tool use and manufacture-oldest evidence 2.5 mya
Term
Speech and 3 requirements
Definition
-Possibly near origin of modern humans, 100,000 years ago
1. Requires brain that can formulate and understand language
2. Vocal power and control
3. Sensitive hearing (Chimps did not achieve 2)
Term
Bipedalism
Definition
-Bowl-Shaped pelvis for upright walking 4.4 mya
Term
Estrus vs. Menstrual Cycle
Definition
-Loss of female estrus cycles also known as heat (short time surrounding ovulation)
-Estrus - More behavioral, strong effects of climate and seasons
-Variance in length of estrus/menstrual cycle: human 28 day, rat 5 day estrus, dog 1 cycle/yr
Term
Human Lineage
Definition
-Out of Africa model
-Fossil Evidence - multiple origins (Asia, Africa, Europe) argue humans evolved separately
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