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BIO100
Biochemistry
39
Biology
Undergraduate 3
04/14/2013

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Term
Proteins
Definition
Linear chains of amino acids
-fold into 3D structure
-cell signaling
-cell structure
-motor proteins
-catalysts- (enzymes)
Term
Four Macro-molecules
Definition
1.Proteins
2.Nucleic Acids
3.Lipids
4.Carbohydrates
Term
Nucleic Acids
Definition
Information Molecules
-Phosphoryl+5-carbon sugar+base
Term
RNA (ribo)
Definition
2'-OH less stable than DNA
-uracil instead of thymine
-major info carrier mRNA-
-does more than DNA
Term
Lipids
Definition
Hydrphobic tails
-Hydrophillic heads (polar)
Term
Amphipathic
Definition
Lipids dual property of being hydrophobic and hydrophilic
Term
Carbohydrates
Definition
-Fuel and info molecules
Term
Central Dogma of Biology
Definition
DNA--> Transcription-->RNA-->Translation-->Protein
Term
Cell membrane
Definition
Impermeable- small molecules can't passivley pass through
Active transport must occur
Term
Transport Proteins
Definition
Pores
Channels
Transporters
Term
Mitochondrion
Definition
-Two membranes
-Site where fuel molecules undergo combustion to generate ATP
-poisons that stop ATP synthesis
Term
Important Properties of Water
Definition
-viscous
-water tends to weaken- the weak ionic interaction
Term
Weak (non covalent) interactions
Definition
1. Ionic bonds
2. H-bonds
3. Van der Waals
(all three can be considered electrostatic)
Term
Distance in two electronegative atoms

Distance in H-bonds
Definition
2.5-3.5 Angstrums

2.0 Angstrum
Term
Zwitterions
Definition
free amino acids in neutral pH exist primarily as dipolar ions
Term
Glycine
Definition
Gly, G, hydrophobic
Term
Alanine
Definition
Ala, A, Hydrophobic
Term
Valine
Definition
Val, V, Hydrophobic
Term
Leucine
Definition
Leu, L, Hydrophobic
Term
Isoleucine
Definition
Ile, I, Hydrophobic
Term
Methionine
Definition
Met, M, Hydrophobic
Term
Proline
Definition
Pro, P, Hydrophobic
Term
Phenylalanine
Definition
Phe, F, Hydrophobic
Term
Trytophan
Definition
Trp, W, Hydrophobic
Term
Serine
Definition
Ser, S, Polar
Term
Threonine
Definition
Thr, T, Polar
Term
Tyrosine
Definition
Tyr, Y
Term
Cysteine
Definition
Cys, C, Polar
Term
Asparagine
Definition
Asn, N, Polar
Term
Glutamine
Definition
Gln, Q, Polar
Term
Lysine
Definition
Lys, K, Polar
Term
Arginine
Definition
Arg, R, polar
Term
Histidine
Definition
His, H, Polar
Term
Aspartate
Definition
Asp, D, Negatively Charged
Term
Glutamate
Definition
Glu, E, Negatively Charged
Term
DNA Stability
Definition
hydrophobic effect drives bases to the interior and exposes more polar areas to the surface
Term
Helicase
Definition
Unwinds DNA during replication
Term
DNA Polymerase III
Definition
Creates the leading strand from 5'-3'
Term
DNA Polymerase I
Definition
Replaces the RNA with DNA
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