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Bio003 - Lecture 16
from slides
41
Biology
Pre-School
08/25/2009

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Cards

Term
What is macroevolution
Definition
major changes over evolutionary time
Term
What is the recipe for life
Definition
raw materials + suitable environment + energy sources
Term
What were the results of Stanley Miller's test
Definition
After a week, an abundant amount of
amino acids and other organic molecules were created
Term
What characteristics do cells and
protobionts share
Definition
structural organization
simple reproduction
simple metabolism
simple homeostasis
Term
How could natural selection act on
protobionts
Definition

Ones that replicated the best under
those conditions
Term
What are the three eons
Definition
Archaean, Proterozoic,Phanerozoic
Term
What are the separate parts of the
Phanerozoic eon
Definition
Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic
Term
What created and transformed earth's biosphere
Definition

Prokaryotes, had photosynthesis and
cellular respiration
Term
Whats an example of multicellular form
Definition
Algae,plants,fungi,animals
Term
What are the most diverse types of
land animals
Definition
Anthropods, Tetrapods
Term
What is radiometric dating
Definition
measurement of radioactive isotopes to find age
Term
What is the max time carbon-14 dating
is good for
Definition
75,000 years
Term
What is continental drift
Definition
Slow continuous movement of earths
crustal plates on hot mantle
Term
Over the last 600 million years how
many mass extinctions have occurred
Definition
50% or more of earths species went extinct
Term
what is Adaptive radiation
Definition
when a group of organisms forms new species,
whos adaptations allow them to fill new

habitats or roles in their communities
Term
what does it mean for a human to have paedomorphic traits
Definition
retains juvenile traits
into adulthood
Term
what is paedomorphosis
f
Definition
retaining larval characteristics into adulthood
Term
what are homeotic genes
Definition
master control genes that determine basic
features ie where wings may develop
Term
What is phylogeny
Definition
the evolution history of a species or
group of species
Term
Analogous similarties result from what
Definition

convergent evolution in similar environments

 

ie such as all fish have a streamline body

Term
what are systematics
Definition
classifies organisms and determines their
evolutionary relationship
connections classification with
evolutionary history
Term
what do taxonomists do
Definition
assigns each species a binomial consisting
of a genus and species name
Term
What is a taxon
Definition
a taxonomic unit
Term
What is a phylogenetic tree
Definition

a hypothesis of evolutionary relationships
within a group
Term
explain ingroup and outgroup
Definition
a step in cladistics,
a taxon that diverged
before the lineage leading to the members of
the group
Term
describe ocums razor
Definition
the simplest and parsimonious (easiest) hypothesis.
because likely to be phlogenetic tree
Term
what is molecular systematics
Definition
compares nucleic acids or other molecules
to infer relatedness of taxa
the longer two species have been on separate
evolutionary paths, more DNA should have
diverged
Term
What was earth's early atmosphere compsed of
Definition

water vapor

Nitrogen

Carbon Dioxide

Methane

Ammonia

Hydrogen

Hyrogen sulfate

Term

What were some of the energy

sources on early earth

Definition

Volcanic activity

lightning

UV radiation

Term

What were the initial conditions

of life

 

aka  How did it start

Definition

with proper chemical and physical conditios

 

stage 1: abiotic synthesis of monomers

stage 2: formation of polymers

stage 3: packing of polymers into protobionts

stage 4: self-replication

Term
What are protobionts
Definition
precursors to prokaryotic cells
Term

What hypothesis did Stanly

Miller test

Definition
Oparin-Haldane Hypothesis
Term

What is an alternative hypothesis to

 the Oparin-Haldane hypothesis

Definition

Submerged volcanoes and deep-sea

hydrothermal vents provided chemical

resources for first life

Term

What may have served as the first

genetic material and the first

enzymes

Definition
RNA
Term

What defines the geologic

record

Definition
major transitions in life on earth
Term

What happened during the

Permian Extinction

 

and what is likely to have caused it

Definition

96% shallow water marine species died

 

extreme vulcanism released carbon dioxide

warmed global climate

slowed mixing of ocean water

reduced oxygen in ocean

Term

What happened during the

Cretaceous Extinction

 

and what is likely to have caused it

Definition

All dinosaurs except birds went extinct

 

large asteroid struck earth blocking

light and disrupting global

climate

Term
What is Evo-devo
Definition

a field that combines evolutionary

and developmental biology

Term
What are the categories of the phylogenetic tree
Definition
Kingdom > Phylum >
Class > Order >
Family > Genus >
Species
Term
What is a clade
Definition
a group consisting of a single
common ancestor and all it's descendants
Term
What is exaption and give an example
Definition
a trait that served one function
evolving to serve another. ie: birds feathers were originally
used for heat regulation, then adapted for flight
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