Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Bio003 - Lecture 14 + 15
UCR Bio003 - Diversity and Speciation
41
Biology
Undergraduate 1
08/26/2009

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
East Africa's Lake Victoria had how many different species of what kind of fish?
Definition
500+ cichlid fishes
Term
For the cichlid fishes, diversification happened how long ago? What body part was specialized and why?
Definition
Diversified 100,000 years ago; specialized mouthparts for different food sources
Term
Species
Definition
group of organisms can mate with its own members, not with members from other groups
Term
Why did cichlid fishes die?
Definition
Species died because of Nile perch, an introduced predator
Term
Waters of Lake Victoria have become more polluted
Definition
Resulting in species un-deversifying
Term
Origin of species
Definition
source of biological diversity
Term
Speciation
Definition
the emergence of a new species
Term
Taxonomy
Definition
branch of biology that names/classifies/organizes species
Term
Carolus Linnaeus
Definition
developed binomial taxonomy system
Term
biological species concept
Definition
species who have the potential to interbred
Term
morphological species concept
Definition
classification on observable phenotypic traits
Term
ecological species concept
Definition
species defined by ecological role/niche
Term
phylogenetic species
Definition
species represented a set of organisms with specific evolutionary lineage
Term
Reproductive barriers
Definition
isolate a species gene pool; prevent interbreeding - defined either prezygotic or postzygotic
Term
prezygotic barrier
Definition
Before zygotes form / prevent mating or fertilization
Term
prezygotic barrier
Definition
After zygotes form / prevent development of fertile adults
Term
Temporal isolation (prezygotic barrier)
Definition
mating occurs at different times
Term
Habitat isolation (prezygotic barrier)
Definition
different habitats, don’t ever meet
Term
Behavior isolation (prezygotic barrier)
Definition
no sexual attraction
Term
Mechanical isolation (prezygotic barrier)
Definition
Structural difference in genitalia/flowers (sex is not possible!)
Term
Gametic isolation (prezygotic barrier)
Definition
gametes die before uniting or fail to unite
Term
Reduced hybrid viability (postzygotic barrier)
Definition
Hybrids fail to develop/reach sexual maturity
Term
Reduced hybrid fertility (postzygotic barrier)
Definition
Hybrids fail to produce functional gametes
Term
Hybrid breakdown (postzygotic barrier)
Definition
hybrids are weak/infertile
Term
If two related species live in the same area, would natural selection favor the evolution of prezygotic or postzygotic reproductive isolating mechanisms?
Definition
Prezygotic
Term
allopatric speciation
Definition
geographic isolation leads to speciation (this separates their gene pools)
Term
Changes in the allele frequencies may be caused by? (may be unaffected in other populations that are geographically separated)
Definition
natural selection, genetic drift,
and mutation
Term
Likelihood of allopatric speciation when a population is...
Definition
small and isolated
Term
Sympatric speciation
Definition
speciation without geographic isolation; possible causes: polyploidy, habitat differentiation, sexual selection
Term
Polyplodiy
Definition
multiplication of the chromosome number due to errors in cell division
Term
Cause of polyploids
Definition
Hybridization of two different species
Term
Haploid gametes from two different species combine to produce a sterile hybrid
Why is the hybrid sterile? How can it reproduce?
Definition
The hybrid is sterile because there are an odd number of gametes and can not pair up. Chromosome duplications through asexual reproduction can lead to reproduction
Term
Sympatric speciation occurs more commonly due to
Definition
habitat differentiation and sexual selection
Term
How do Reproductive barriers arise?
Definition
Due to populations diverging
Term
Hybrid zones
Definition
Members of different species meet and mate to produce hybrid offspring; provide opportunities to study reproductive isolation
Term
What may happen in a hybrid zone?
Definition
Reinforcement, fusion or stability
Term
Reinforcement (hybrid zone)
Definition
natural selection strengthens reproductive barriers when hybrids are less fit than parent species
Term
Fusion (hybrid zone)
Definition
Weak reproductive barriers causes reversal of speciation and two species become one again
Term
stability (hybrid zone)
Definition
Hybrids are produced; Gene flow occurs; each species maintains its own integrity
Term
Adaptive radiation
Definition
Diverse species evolve from common ancestor; May occur when new opportunities arise such as colonization of new areas, mass extinction, lack of competitors, varying habitats, food sources, evolution of new structures
Term
How quickly does Speciation occur?
Definition
4000-4million years, may occur rapidly or slowly
Supporting users have an ad free experience!