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Bio Vocab
5.2-5.3 Key Vocab
12
Biology
10th Grade
01/05/2012

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Term
Carbohydrate
Definition
• A class of organic compounds
based on sugar molecules.
– Many are polymers composed
of sugar monomers
Term
Monosaccharide
Definition
• A monomer composed of a single
sugar molecule
Term
Disaccharide
Definition
• A sugar composed of two
monosaccharides
Term
Polysaccharide
Definition
• A long polymer chain made up of
simple sugar monomers.
Term
Starch
Definition
• A polysaccharide in plant cells
that consists entirely of glucose
monomers.
–Serves as the primary energy
storage molecule in plants
Term
Glycogen
Definition
• A polysaccharide in animal cells
that consists of many glucose
monomers.
–Serves as the primary energy
storage molecule in animals
Term
Cellulose
Definition
• A polysaccharide consisting of
glucose monomers that reinforces
plant-cell walls.
–Serves as a structural component in
plants
Term
Lipid
Definition
• One of a class of water-avoiding
(hydrophobic) compounds.
–These compounds are insoluble in
water and include fats, oils, and
steroids
Term
Fat
Definition
• An organic compound consisting
of a three-carbon backbone
(glycerol) attached to three fatty
acids
Term
Saturated Fat
Definition
• A fat in which all three fatty acid
chains contain no double bonds
and hold the maximum possible
number of hydrogen atoms.
–Unsaturated fats contain double
bonds in the carbon chains of the
fatty acids
Term
Steroid
Definition
• A lipid molecule with four fused
carbon rings
Term
Cholestrol
Definition
• A steroid molecule present in the
plasma membranes of animal
cells.
–This molecule helps plasma
membranes remain flexible
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