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Bio Test
N/A
57
Biology
9th Grade
09/23/2012

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Cards

Term
What are the basic building blocks(monomers) of nucleic acids?
Definition
nucleotides
Term
What is the function of nucleic acids?
Definition
to store and pass along genetic info to the next generation
Term
What are the two types of Nucleic Acids?
Definition
DNA and RNA
Term
What happens in a ionic bond?
Definition
electrons are transferred from one atom to another
Term
What is the solvent?
Definition
the substance something is dissolved into
Term
What is a solute?
Definition
the substance being dissolved into something
Term
What is an Isotope?
Definition
an atom of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain
Term
What is increased in concentration when an acid is dissolved in water?
Definition
H+
Term
Which element is always found in proteins that is never found in carbohydrates?
Definition
Nitrogen
Term
What are some examples of a polysaccharide?
Definition
Starch, cellulose, Glycogen
Term
What are some examples of a lipid?
Definition
Waxes, Oils, Steroids, Fats
Term
What are nucleotides made up of?
Definition
a sugar, a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base
Term
What monomers are Proteins made up of?
Definition
C, H, O, and N
Term
What is an unsaturated fat?
Definition
a fatty acid chain with one or more double bonds
Term
What is a saturated fat?
Definition
a fatty acid chain with a single bond bonding every C
it is holding all the hydrogen it can
Term
What is the range for a basic substance on the pH scale?
Definition
7-14
Term
What is the range for an acidic substance on the pH scale?
Definition
0-7
Term
What is the charge of an atom's nucleus?
Definition
positively charged
Term
What do the number of protons in an atom usually equal?
Definition
the number of electrons
Term
What do all isotopes of an element have in common?
Definition
the same chemical properties
Term
What differences do all isotopes of the same element have?
Definition
a different mass
Term
What do all chemical reactions involve?
Definition
change in energy
Term
What is Carbon's atomic number?
Definition
4; it has 4 valence electrons
Term
What is matter?
Definition
anything that has mass
Term
What are the three phases of mass?
Definition
solid, liquid, and gass
Term
What does the greek root Mono mean?
Definition
one
Term
What does the Greek root Poly mean?
Definition
many
Term
WHat does the Greek root Mer mean?
Definition
part
Term
What does the Greek root Iso mean?
Definition
equal or the same
Term
What does the Greek root Proto mean?
Definition
first
Term
How is an atom different from an element?
Definition
an element is made of atoms
Term
What is a proton?
Definition
a positively charged particle that makes up the nucleus with a neutron
Term
What is a neutron?
Definition
a neutrally charged particle that makes up the nucleus with a proton
Term
What is an electron?
Definition
a negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus
Term
How are compounds different from atoms?
Definition
atoms interact and bond to make them up
Term
What do the number of valence electrons determine in an atom?
Definition
their reactivity; the greater the electrons, the stabler an atom is
Term
How do chemical bonds form?
Definition
electrons interact in the outer shell of electrons in an atom to fill it
Term
What is a covalent bond?
Definition
bonds formed when electrons are shared between atoms
Term
What is an Ionic Bond?
Definition
a bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
Term
What does a Chemical Formula tell you?
Definition
It tells what elements are present in a molecule and how many atoms of each element are present.
Term
What does it mean to say that water is a polar molecule?
Definition
it has poles/polarity due to the unequal distribution of electrons just like a magnet does
Term
What are some unique properties of water molecules?
Definition
it gets less dense as it freezes and floats when it is frozen
it sticks together, with adhesion and cohesion
it has surface tension
Term
How does solution differ from suspension?
Definition
a solution is when a substance has dissolved into the water, a suspension doesn't allow the substance to dissolve completely
Term
What is happening when the pH falls from pH 6 to pH 4?
Definition
the solutions is becoming more acidic, the H+ are increasing
Term
What are the 4 Organic Compounds?
Definition
-Lipids
-Carbohydrates
-Nucleic Acids
-Proteins
Term
What are organic chemicals based on?
Definition
carbon
Term
What elements are typically found with C?
Definition
CHOPKNS
Term
What are the monomers that make up carbohydrates?
Definition
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Term
What links amino acids?
Definition
peptide bonds
Term
Why can we digest starch, but not cellulose?
Definition
Because we don't have the enzymes in our bodies to get nutrition from it
Term
What is the function of Carbohydrates?
Definition
they are structural building blocks
they are the main source of energy fro living things
Term
What is the Function of Lipids?
Definition
they waterproof
steroids serve as chemical messengers
they insulate and protect organs
they store energy
Term
What are the functions of Carbohydrates?
Definition
they are the main source of energy fro most living things
they are structural building blocks
Term
What is the function of Lipids?
Definition
they waterproof
they insulate and protect organs
they store energy
steroids are chemical messengers
Term
What are the functions of Proteins?
Definition
some are enzymes, controlling the rate of reactions
some transport substances like hemoglobin
some fight disease- antibodies
some are structural, forming muscles, tendons, fingernails, hair, bones, etc.
Term
How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?
Definition
they serve as a site for the chemical reactions to take place and lower the activation energy
Term
What do steroids serve as?
Definition
chemical messengers
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