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Bio Quiz #1
Parts of the microscope + first 4 experiments
65
Biology
Undergraduate 1
02/03/2015

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Cards

Term
Compound Microscope
Definition

40x-400x

Inverted image

Live or dead specimen

Light

Inside and outside view

Term
Stereomicroscope
Definition

10.5x-45x

True image

Live or dead specimen

Light

Inside and outside view

Term
TEM
Definition

10,000-200,000x

Photo image

Dead specimen

Electron

Inside view

Term
SEM
Definition

10,000-200,000x

Photo image

Dead specimen

Electron

Outside view

Term

[image]

#1 is

Definition

Body tube.

(structure component)

Term

[image]

#2 is

Definition

Revolving nosepiece

(Changes magnification)

Term

[image]

#3 is

Definition

Objectives

(Located in the nosepiece. Changes magnification)

Low: Red, 4x

Medium: Yellow,10x

High: Blue, 40x

Immersion: White, 100x

Term
[image]#5/6 is
Definition
Slide holder
Term
[image]#7 is
Definition

Abbe condenser on top

(Focuses light on specimen)

 

Iris diaphragm on bottom

(Brightens or dims your light)

Term
[image]#8 is
Definition

Illuminator

(illuminates your view)

Term
[image]#9 is
Definition

Eyepiece or ocular

(Viewing lens, 10x by itself)

Term
[image]#10 is
Definition

Arm

(Structure component)

Term
[image]#11 is
Definition

Mechanical stage

(Accurate movement of the slide)

Term
[image]#12 is
Definition

Big knob- Coarse focus knob

 

Little knob- fine focus knob

Term
[image]#13 is
Definition
Condenser focus knob
Term
Proper procedure for moving the microscope from the cabinet to the lab bench, and from the lab bench back to the cabinet plus what to use to clean the lens.
Definition
Grab the microscope by the arm while pulling it out of the cabinet, lift gently and place one hand under the base, carrying it to the lab bench. Sit it down carefully, take off covering. When putting up, put on covering, lift by the arm and place hand under the base, carrying it to the cabinet and placing it in correct number cabinet carefully. Clean only with lens paper.
Term
Contrast
Definition
The ability to distinguish one object from another
Term
Field of view
Definition
Area observed when looking through the microscope
Term
Parfocal
Definition
condition in which the microscope remains in focus after changing from one objective to another
Term
Resolving power
Definition
Ability of a lens or microscope to reveal fine detail of a specimen
Term
Working distance
Definition
Distance from the objective to the specimen, when in focus
Term
Brownian movement
Definition
Tiny particles of solid matter, bacteria and other tiny organisms in liquid suspension seem to move in a random fashion due to the bombardment of the larger particles by the smaller molecules of the fluid.
Term
Diffusion
Definition
Random movement of particles from high concentration or lower concentration
Term
Osmosis
Definition
Diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
Term
Solvent
Definition
The greatest quantity in a mixed substance
Term
Solute
Definition
The lesser quantity in a mixed substance
Term
Hypertonic
Definition
When the solute concentration outside the cell is greater than the concentration inside the cell
Term
Hypotonic
Definition
Solute concentration outside the cell is less than solute concentration inside the cell
Term
Isotonic
Definition
Solute concentration is equal inside and outside the cell
Term
Plasma/cell membrane
Definition
Selectively permeable to water
Term
Hemolysis
Definition
Cells placed in a hypotonic solution swell and burst
Term
Crenation
Definition
Cells placed in a hypertonic solution lose water and shrink
Term
Cell walls
Definition
Plant cells are rigid
Term
Turgor
Definition
Plant cell contains sufficient water to push the plasma membrane up against the wall
Term
Plasmolyze
Definition
In a hypertonic solution, plant cells lose water and die
Term
What happened with the dialysis tubing containing syrup and starch and why?
Definition

Syrup- syrup in tubing placed in water, weighed more after 30 mins. Water moved into the bag.

 

Starch- tubing filled with starch solution, placed in Lugol's.  Iodine moved into the bag, none outside of bag.

 

Only syrup demonstrates osmosis because it gained weight. Starch molecules are too large to fit through the selectively permeable membrane.

Term
Lugol's Iodine is an indicator for
Definition
Starch
Term
What happens to red blood cells when placed in different solutions?
Definition

Isotonic solution (0.85 salt)- Stays same

Hypotonic solution (distilled water)- Cell bursts

Hypertonic solution (5% salt)- Cell shrinks

Term
The large plant vacuola in the onion cell went through several changes. What were the changes and what caused them?
Definition

Tap water- Normal , isotonic solution

5% NaCL solution- shrink, hypertonic

Return to tap water- Normal

Term
What is one major difference we noted in the lab between plant and animal cells?
Definition
Plant cells have rigid walls, so they stand up.
Term
Solute/solvent concentration problems
Definition

0.00% salt& 100% water- hypotonic

0.85% salt& 99.15% water- isotonic

5% salt& 95% water- hypertonic

Term
Monomers
Definition
What the basic units of certain organic compounds are made up of in chains of smaller molecules
Term
Organic compound
Definition
Those whose molecules contain carbon and may form chains or rings.
Term
inorganic compound
Definition
Those whose molecules do not contain carbon or do not form chains or rings
Term
Polymers
Definition
Monomers connected together to form larger molecules
Term
Condensation reaction
Definition
How polymers are made, resulting in the loss of a water molecule between each pair of monomers.
Term
Hydrolysis
Definition
How polymers can be digested, the addition of a molecule of water
Term
Carbohydrates
Definition

Monosaccharides: Glucose, fructose, dextrose

Dissaccharides: Sucrose

Polysaccharides: Starch, glycogen

Term
The test used to identify organic compound
Definition
If it burns or not
Term
Benedict's Test identifies carbs with reducing sugars. What is the procedure for performing the test and what do the colors changes mean?
Definition

Performing the test: Set a hot water bath by putting a half full beaker of water on a hot plate. (Steam rises, temp down.) Number test tubes 1-7 and add 2.5 mL of Benedict's to each using a plastic pipette. Add eight drops of the test solutions, mix well and boil for two mins.

 

Term
Detergent is an emulsifier. What does this mean and why do they remove oil stains?
Definition
It causes oil/fats and water to mix. Oils are lipids, Sudan is specific to lipids. Emulsifiers make the oil and water mix, which regular bleach will not.
Term
Proteins are:
Definition
Polymers made of monomers called amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
Term
Characteristics of enzymes:
Definition

Speed up a reaction as much as a million times.

Don't enter into the reaction and aren't changed by it so they can be used repeatedly.

Cannot cause a reaction to occur, just speed it up.

Have the optimal temp and pH. Change either and you change the shape of the enzyme.

Have a specific substrate. Rennin/rennilase only* helps to curdle milk thus seperating the protein whey from the milk curd.

Term
Organic test
Definition

Tests for organic/inorganic compounds

Negative- won't burn

Positive- will burn and turns dark to black

Term
Benedict's Test
Definition

Tests for reducing sugar

Negative- blue

Positive- Yellow, green, orange, red, color change

Term
Lugol's Iodine Test
Definition

Tests for starch

Negative- Amber color

Positive- Blue to black color change

Term
Brown paper test
Definition

Tests for oils/lipids/fats

Negative- will evaporate from paper

Positive- Remains on paper

Term
Sudan stain test
Definition

Tests for lipids

Negative- Does not mix with substance

Positive- Mixes and stays combined with substance

Term
Biuret test
Definition

Tests for proteins

Negative-blue

Positive- Pink purple violet color change

Term
Biuret Test procedure
Definition
Number test tubes 1-7. Put 5 mL of water in 6&7. Put 6-10 drops of biuret in each test tube and mix well. Test tubes should change color if protein is present.
Term
The components and the cheese making process
Definition
Milk contains protein. The stomach mkaes rennin, which converts milk protein (casein) into paracasein. This precipitates out of solution foring a curd and leaves the water and other dissolved substances in the milk is whey. Cheese is made from whole milk with drops of rennilase.
Term
Bromelain/Gelatin results
Definition

Gelatin+water= solid, inactive

Gelatin+fresh pineapple juice= liquid, active

Gelatin+canned pineapple juice= solid, inactive

Gelatin+frozed pineapple jiuce= solid, inactive///

Term
Triglycerides
Definition
Largest family of lipids, containing two kinds of component molecules- fatty acids and glycerides. Liquid at room temp (oil) solid at room temp (fat)
Term
Rennin
Definition
The human stomach produces this, which converts casein into paracasein.
Term
Amylase
Definition
Enzyme found in saliva that digests starch
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