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Bio quiz 3
quiz 3
14
Biology
Undergraduate 1
04/06/2009

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Bacteria
Definition

prokaryotic: gonnirihea, merca

eukaryotic: giardia

funal: athlete's foot, yeast infection

animal: worms

Term

capsule

vs.

capsid

Definition

1) helps bacteria attach to cells within tissues to infect and escape distruction

 

2) protein coat of a virus

Term

Neutrophils & Macrophages

Similarities and Differences

Definition

Similarities

  • both phagocytic cells
  • both engulf pathogens 

Differences

  • macrophages release chemical signals which promote more inflammation & fever
  • neutrophils secrete neutrophil extracellular traps(NETS) which trap and kill bacteria
Term
Inflammation diagram
Definition

 

wound-->mast cells respond-->release hystamine-->hystamine response--> leaking capillaries-->fluid enters tissue-->swelling, redness, pain,fever.

 

Clotting factors: stops bleeding, contains infection

Term

Macrophages

Definition
  • player in immune system/inflammation
  • phagocytic cell-->engulf pathogens
  • release chemical signals which promotes more inflammation
Term

Pathogen

Definition
  • "bad guy" also called an antigen
  • foreign substance
  • disease causing organism
Term

T-cells (T-lymphocite)

Cytotoxic T-cells

Helper T-cells

 

Definition
  • constantly being produced in bone marrow
  • Cytotoxic=kill infected cells
  • Helper T-cells: regulate immune system--> regulates Tc cells
Term
Naive/B-cells
Definition
  • B-cells: secrete antibodies to combat extracellular pathogens
  • Naive B-cells: activation-signal from:
  • TH & Contact matching antigen
  • has to bind matching ag
  • cell divides: plasma b cells secrete antibodies
  • memory b-cells secrete antibodies which binds antigen
  • recognize surface features, assists macrophages & phagocytosis
  • neutrolizes virus: prevents virus from binding and infecting host
  • antibodies help macrophages bind/iongest pathogen cells
Term
Viruses
Definition
  • class of pathogen that isn't truly alive
  • can't replicate with out host cell
  • lacks enzymes for metabolism
Term
Domains and Kingdoms
Definition

3 domains:

  • Bacteria
  • Archaea
  • Eukarya

4 Kingdoms

  • Protista
  • Fungi
  • Plantae
  • Animalia
  • Domain Bacteria: kingdom with pathogenic members
Term
Infectious Disease Transfer
Definition
  • ingestion
  • inhalation
  • intermediate host (insect)
  • contact with body fluids
  • blood
  • stds
Term

Phagocytosis

(ingestion of pathogens)

Definition
  • done by neutrophils and marcrophages
  • enter damaged tissues
  • engulf pathogens and debris
  • set off toxic oxygen reactions to kill
Term

Characteristics of Immune System

(3rd line of defense)

Definition
  • extremely specific down to different strains of pathogens
  • has a memory of organisms/pathogens it has encountered previously
  • Respond slowly to initial infection by a pathogen but rapidly to reexposure.

 

Term
Antibodies
Definition
  • cells that secrete proteins that bind and inactivate antigens
  •  recognizes surface features on the antigen
  • 1 antigen has multiple surface features-->recognized by different antibodies
  • antigenic determinate-->small surface feature recognized on antibody
  • Each antigen recognizes only one antigenic determinate
  • Each B cell makes only one type of antibody
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